Day 1 :
- Pharmacognosy
Session Introduction
N. Ait-Mimoune
Bouira university, Algeria
Title: Antibacterial activity of Citrus aurantium and Citrus reticulata essential oils
Biography:
Nouara Ait-Mimoune is part of the Microbiology Reaserch Laboratory (Algeria). Since her incorporation as a PhD student in the biological department, she has participated in several research projects related to fungal infection and quality control of food.
Abstract:
Essential oils are secondary metabolites of plant and complex mixtures of volatile lipophilic constituents. Due to their volatility, they can easily be extracted by the method of steam distillation from different natural sources. The use and processing of essential oils began in the East more than 2500 years ago. Essential oils and some of their constituents are used in pharmaceutical products for their therapeutic activities but also in agriculture as food preservatives and additives. In this study the antibacterial activity of Citrus aurantium and Citrus reticulata essential oils from Algeria was investigated. The antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of essential oil against four important pathogenic bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) was evaluated. Disc diffusion method was used for the screening of the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils. The minimum inhibitory concentration values were determined by agar dilution assay. Our results showed that the gram positive and gram negative strains had different sensitivities. A strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus was noticed with zones of inhibition of 13 mm. The essential oil of Citrus reticulata was more active than the essential oil of Citrus aurantium against the tested bacteria with minimum inhibition concentration ranging from 4 to 18 µL/mL. These Findings suggest that, the tested essential oils have strong bioactive compounds that can be used for their antibacterial properties to control pathogenic bacteria.
Rifat Roshan
University of Karachi, Pakistan
Title: Evaluation of antitussive effect of wild strawberry on rats based on Traditional uses
Biography:
Rifat Roshan is Pharm-D graduate and a M. Phil Pharmacognosy scholar. She is doing M.Phil under the supervision of Dr. Muhammad Mohtasheem ul Hassan , Head of Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical sciences, University of Karachi, Pakistan.
Abstract:
Natural products have been used by human beings for treating different pathological conditions since the time immemorial. Numerous plants have been reported to have antitussive activity. The aim of our present study was to evaluate the antitussive effect of ethanolic extract of Fragaria nubicola (Hoof. f) L (Rosaceae) the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg in healthy albino rats. As we know that cough is a symptom and also a defensive reflex of removing the noxious, irritating substances and pathogens from larynx, trachea and bronchi . Cough is usually consider as the disease, related to lungs. Fragaria nubicola is commonly known as wild strawberry, found in wooded valleys at a height of 1500-3600m. Whole herb, fruits and leaves of Fragaria nubicola are used traditionally to treat different ailments. Dried roots, leaves and fresh fruits are useful in treating fever, cough and cold. Based on traditional use as antitussive agent the purpose of our study was to perform the antitussive effect on rats. In this study cough was induced by sulphur dioxide induction method. Animals were divided into eight groups of ten animals each and all the drugs were administered orally. Group I served as control group while group II served as standard. A dose-dependent inhibition of cough was observed for all extracts . At doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg the extract was proved highly significant compared to standard . So it proves and supports traditional use of plant for relieving cough.
TY Chien
Shih Chien University, Taiwan
Title: Turmeric (Curcuma longa) attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced muscle atrophy in C2C12 cells
Biography:
Dr. Chien is an assistant professor of food science, nutrition, and nutraceutical biotechnology at Shih Chien university in Taiwan. His research field included food analysis and bioassay especially focus on anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects by phytochemicals from food. Recently, he developing the anti-aging model to elucidated the protective effects of medical food on degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis, sarcopenia, and neurodegeneration.
Abstract:
Background: Muscle atrophy is characterized by loss of muscle mass and function that usually occur in the elderly. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is considered to plays a critical role in the development of muscle atrophy. Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), a curcumin-rich spice, is well known to possess a variety of bioactivities such as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory. In this study, we investigated the effects of turmeric against muscle atrophy induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in vitro and the possible mechanisms.
Method: C2C12 myoblast were pre-incubated with ethanol extract of turmeric in various concentrations for 20 hours, and then challenged with H2O2 for 4 hours. The cell viability was evaluated by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were detected by western blotting and the differentiation of C2C12 was observed by microscope. DPPH radical scavenging were applied to determine the antioxidant capacity. We also quantitative the curcumin of turmeric extract by using high performance liquid chromatography.
Results: Our results demonstrate that incubation with turmeric extract caused slightly increase of cell viability and promote myoblast differentiation of C2C12 in 20 μg/mL. Furthermore, H2O2-induced myoblast injury were reduced, and CAT expression was elevated by co-treatment with turmeric extract in proper concentration. In addition, turmeric and curcumin scavenged the DPPH-radical in a dose-dependent manner.
Conclusion:These data suggested that turmeric extract protected C2C12 myoblast against muscle atrophy induced by H2O2 through enhancing the antioxidant defenses, and exhibit potent free radical scavenging activity.
Seungye Lee
University of Santo Tomas, Philippines
Title: Inhibitory Effect of Wrightia Antidysenterica Leaf Extracts Against In Vitro Culture Systems of Streptococcus Spp.
Biography:
Seungye Lee has completed her Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology at the age of 20 years from Univeristy of Santo Tomas and is currently pursuing Doctor of Medicine at the University of Santo Tomas. She is a prominent member of UST Organization of Medical Technology Society.
Abstract:
In the Philippines, Streptococcus infections remain a public concern and accounts for one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have shown efforts wherein herbal plants were tested and proven to have antibiotic effects. With this, the researchers sought to determine the inhibitory effect of Wrightia antidysenterica, a plant local to the Philippines, against Streptococcus spp. Streptococcus pyogenes, S. agalactiae, S. pneumoniae, and vancomycin-resistant S. constellatum were used in the study. The leaves were extracted using hexane, dichloromethane, and n-Butanol solvents and tested against Streptococcus spp. using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The n-Butanol leaf extract, which exhibited the optimal inhibitory effect against the Streptococcus spp., was then assayed for Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). In addition, S. pyogenes and S. agalactiae species exhibited the most susceptible to the n-Butanol leaf extract, having an MBC of 125 mg/mL. Statistical analysis showed that the zones of inhibition exhibited by the n-Butanol leaf extract on all Streptococcus spp. have no significant difference (p > 0.05). Games-Howell post hoc analysis was done to determine the significant difference between Streptococcus spp. and the standard antibiotic vancomycin. Results revealed that S. pyogenes (p=.030; CI 2.03 – 23.99), S. agalactiae (p=.022; CI 5.41 – 26.58), and S. pneumoniae (p=.026; CI 3.50 – 23.17) have significant difference with vancomycin. The inhibitory effect of the W. antidysenterica n-Butanol leaf extract has a significant difference with the standard antibiotic vancomycin, indicating that herbal preparations could be considered as an alternative option for the treatment of Streptococcal infections.