Akanksha Sharma is a Research Scholar, doing PhD. from Central University of Karnataka. She has completed her M.Pharm, from Central University of Punjab.

Chemical investigation on Orthosiphon diffusus resulted in the isolation of two new polychiral furanopyrans, orthodiffenes E-F (5-6) along with earlier reported polychiral furanopyrans, orthodiffenes A-D (1-4) (Holla et al., 2011). The new molecules were characterized from the detailed studies of their 1D, 2D NMR spectra and mass spectra. Orthodiffenes A-D (1-4) has been reported earlier to be significantly cytotoxic against cancer cell lines (Holla et al., 2011). The new molecules orthodiffenes E-F (5-6) are expected to be cytotoxic against cancer cell lines due to structural similarity to orthodiffenes A-D (1-4).

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Tea (Camellia sinensis) is the most popular beverages in the world and is rank second after the pure water. Tea has been considered as a health promoting beverage since ancient times due to its immune modulatory, anti-arthritic, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer and cardioprotective activity. Beside the beneficial effect few studies on animal models suggests, that the maternal intake of black tea has an adverse effect during pregnancy. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the role of Black Tea Extract (BTE) in experimental pregnant albino rat and to study the different physiological parameters of mother and pups during prenatal and postnatal developmental period. BTE was orally administered in LD (50mg BTE/kg/day) and HD (100mg BTE/kg/day) except control group of rats (n=6/group) throughout the prenatal and postnatal periods. During prenatal period (0, 7th, 14 th, 20 th days) body weight, urinary calcium, magnesium, urea and creatinine was measured. In postnatal period (0, 7th, 14 th, 20 th days)physical parameters of pups like body weight, weight of liver, kidneys, heart and lungs, cranial length, cranial diameter, neck width, tail length, craniosacral length of pups were analyzed. There was a significant (P=0.05) change in the weight of kidney, liver, lungs, heart and physical parameters in pups of treated groups as compared to control. The body weight of LD and HD mothers were also significantly (P=0.05) less than control mothers at 20th day of pregnancy. This study clearly indicates that BTE has some effect on pregnant mother in experimental animal model.

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The organic compounds particularly with heterocyclic ring system promote wide range of activities via effective binding to enzyme receptor site. Several thousands of new heterocyclic compounds, either synthesized in the laboratories or isolated from natural sources are added to the literature every year. Many of these compounds have drawn the attention of research scientists on the basis of their therapeutic, biological and industrial potential. In the present study various benzimidazole fused triazinane 4-thione heterocyclic moieties are synthesized by cyclic condensation based on classical Mannich amino methylation of N, N′ unsymmetrical thio ureas with 30%HCHO and methyl amine in ethanol. The condensation reaction between a methyl amine and formaldehyde yields an aliphatic imine. The imine is unstable and immediately cyclizes to yield the correspond 1, 3, 5-triazinane. From the stand point of biological activity, fused hetero cyclic systems like benzimidazole and triazinane derivatives are often of much greater interest than the constituent cyclic compounds. All the newly synthesized compounds 3 (a-e) and 4(a-e) were screened for their antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, E.coli, Klebsielia pneumonia, and Salmonella typhi. Some of the compounds have excellent antibacterial activity against the test bacteria and nearly equal to the standard drug. Remaining compounds showed moderate to least activity or no activity. The results of molecular docking studies showed good agreement with the in-vivo analysis all ten compounds were docked into the active sites of both proteins i.e. S. aureus tyrosyl tRNA synthetase and E. coli topoisomerase II DNA Gyrase B. Few of the compounds compounds showed good free energy of binding and inhibition constant with both proteins. The structures of newly synthesized and characterized by melting points, TLC ,compounds have been established by elemental analysis, and spectral data (IR, NMR & Mass) were screened for antimicrobial and docking studies some of them compounds showed promising activity against the test organisms employed

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The roots of Chlorophytum Tuberosum Baker. (Liliaceae) are widely used for medicinal and nutritional purposes from ancient time. The health promoting ability of the roots might be related to antioxidant properties of its constituents. In this study, the antioxidant effect of the roots of Chlorophytum Tuberosum B. was carried out. Its ethanolic extract was evaluated by comparing with DPPH radical scavenging and reducing capacity of flavonoids. In the reducing capacity assay as well as DPPH radical scavenging activity ethanolic extract of the dried roots exhibited higher and promising results than all other test samples. Therefore, taking fresh or dried roots of Chlorophytum Tuberosum B. may relatively give similar antioxidant effects as compared with the standard (ascorbic acid). As the result, indicates it is one of the good and promising antioxidant.

The author is presently working on antimicrobial activities of mushrooms after receiving her Master degree in Microbiology from West Bengal University of Technology, Kolkata. She has published two papers in peer reviewed journals and presented nine papers in international and national conferences so far. She was awarded DST INSPIRE fellowship from Government of India for pursuing her PhD degree and also received best oral presentation award in West Bengal Science Congress and Technology, 2015 held in North Bengal University. Besides research work she is also interested in science and paintings

Extended spectrum beta- lactamase (ESBL) is a rising threat to clinical practitioners as they face a great difficulty in treatment of infected patients as these superbugs are resistant to broad spectrum cephalosporin and monobactam antibiotics. Most ESBL producing strains are Klebsiella pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, Escherichia coli and they cause severe infection of urinary tract, blood and lungs. Immunocompromised people, diabetic patients undergoing long prescribed antibiotic treatment, elderly patients and persons who use urinary catheter are usually infected with ESBL producing strains. In this study, we have evaluated in-vitro antimicrobial activities of four edible mushrooms namely Pleurotus florida, Pleurotus eous, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Calocybe indica against two ESBL positive K.pneumoniae and one E.coli isolated from urine samples of diabetic patients. Methodologies adopted to study antibacterial activity were disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. Phytochemical screening assay (PSA) and estimation of the content of essential secondary metabolites were also done to correlate the antimicrobial activitties with their content. The results showed excellent antimicrobial activities of the above mentioned four edible mushrooms against the ESBL producing strains. The phytochemical screening assay revealed the presence of essential secondary metabolites such as phenol, flavonoid, terpenoid, steroid, saponin. The estimation of the phenol and flavonoid content among the three mushrooms showed significant difference having P value <0.0001 using One way ANOVA. Thus the present study showed promising activity of the bioactive components of these edible mushrooms against the ESBL producing microorganisms.

Firoj A. Tamboli has pursuing Ph.D in Pharmacy from Shivaji University, Kolhapur. He is working as Assistant Professor at Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur. He has more than 15 years of teaching and research experience. He has published and presented papers in reputed National and International journals and has been member of APTI

Barleria gibsoni Dalz belonging to the family Acanthaceae is commonly known as Neel Koranti and has been used traditionally in the treatment of variety of diseases including anemia, toothache, and inflammatory disorders. This study was intended to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity on successive solvent extracts like Pet. ether, Chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol of leaves of plant Barleria gibsoni Dalz. experimentally by in vitro. Phytochemical screening of extracts showed presence of flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, steroids, proteins. The successive solvent extract of Barleria gibsoni Dalz with a dose of 100, 200 & 500 μg/ml, was taken for the activity and compared with the standard Diclofenac , Protein denaturation model and same dose of extract was taken for activity & compared with Aspirin 200 μg/ml, using Heat induce haemolytic method. The extracts of Pet ether, chloroform and ethanol of leaves of Barleria gibsoni Dalz. Showed significant result in both anti-inflammatory models.

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Several scientific evidence has proved that millets, as commonly consumed in India reduce the risk for chronic diseases including cancer and heart disease. Millets provide a wide range of nutrients and phytochemicals that may work synergistically to optimize human health. It is believed that high content of antioxidant compounds is key to such protection. There is a need to optimize selective and sensitive methodologies to accurately quantify the levels of these phytochemicals such as phenolic acids and flavonoids in millets. The present study was undertaken to evaluate millet grains viz., foxtail, little, finger & barnyard millet, these grains were analyzed for the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) by spectroscopic method. The antioxidant activity of the samples were analyzed by radical scavenging activity by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, expressed in terms of IC50 value. The identification and characterization of phenolic acids was determined by chromatographic analysis with the aid of analytical equipment High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC). TPC was analyzed by folin-ciocalteu reagent assay method and expressed in terms of gallic acid equivalent (GAE µg/g) and TFC was analyzed by spectroscopic method and expressed in terms of rutin equivalent (RE µg/g) using ethyl alcohol (70% v/v) as extracting solvent. High amount of TPC (410 µg/g) and TFC (358 µg/g) was observed in finger millet, whereas low amount of TPC (275 µg/g) and TFC (199.1 µg/g) was observed in barnyard millet. However, the sequence of radical scavenging activity (IC50 value) observed in the samples was in the sequence finger millet > foxtail millet > barnyard millet > little millet. HPTLC was performed on silica gel 60 F254 (0.25 mm) aluminium backed TLC plates as stationary phase with automatic sample applicator using the 10µl microsyringe. The chromatographs were developed in the mobile phase comprising of ethyl acetate, toluene, formic acid, methanol (6:6:1.6:0.4v/v), chromatographs obtained were evaluated using TLC scanner with scanning at λ254nm. Post-chromatographic derivatization was done with natural product reagent (spraying) and the Rf values obtained for reference standards (ferulic acid, caffeic acid and syringic acid) were compared with the Rf values of the bands for the sample extracts. The peak height and area were utilized for evaluation and quantification of phenolic acids. An attempt has been made here to develop a simple, precise and accurate HPTLC chromatographic method to evaluate the phenolics in millet grains, which can be easy and fast for the quantification of phenolic compounds.

Grandhi V Ramalingayya is currently pursuing his Ph D at Manipal University, previously worked as Research associate at In-Vivo Pharmacology lab, Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd., Hyderabad having more than 6 years of experience in Neuroscience, Behavioural Pharmacology and cancer biology fields of research. He has completed his M.Pharm (Pharmacology) at the age of 25 years from Manipal University. Currently he is full time research scholar at department of pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University working on Neuro-Oncology research field. He has 3 international and 4 national conference presentations with one publication in peer reviewed journal.

Survival rates for breast cancer have been improved remarkably over the past five decades due to advances in early diagnosis and treatment strategies. Despite of this, chemotherapy induced cognitive dysfunction has become a major concern in cancer survivors which is popularly known as chemobrain / chemofog. It is characterized by impaired cognitive battery distressing the day to day activities leading to a negative impact on QOL. No therapeutic interventions are found to be effective till date due to lack of relevant animal models. Study objective is to develop relevant animal model for assessing chemobrain and to evaluate naringin (NAR), a flavanone glycoside for its neuroprotective potential against doxorubicin (DOX) induced neurotoxicity and to reverse episodic memory deficits associated with chemobrain induced by DOX. Prior treatment with naringin protected human neuroblastoma (IMR-32) cells against DOX. DOX produced increase in apoptosis, intracellular ROS generation and inhibition of neurite growth in differentiated IMR-32 cells. This was significantly prevented by naringin prior treatment. Flowcytometric analysis revealed that NAR was able to reduce changes in cell cycle produced by DOX. Chemobrain condition was developed in Wistar rats on administering ten cycles of doxorubicin (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) as we found that episodic memory was significantly impaired when compared to saline control. Chronic treatment with NAR (50 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly prevented DOX induced episodic memory deficit. Naringin also prevented histopathological abnormalities of major organs that were observed with DOX. Naringin may be potential adjuvant therapeutic intervention to alleviate neurocognitive complications associated with DOX chemotherapy in cancer survivors.

Ipsita pujari has done B.Sc. in Zoology Honours (2007) from Gangadhar Meher (Autonomous) College (under Sambalpur University), Sambalpur, Odisha. After that she has done both M.Sc. in Biomedical Genetics (2009) and M.Tech. in Biotechnology (2012) from VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu. Now she is pursuing her Ph.D. in Department of Plant Sciences under School of Life Sciences, at Manipal University, Manipal. She has one publication in the Journal of Pharmacy Research to her credit.

Traditional herbal drugs are of high demand owing to their minimal after-action-responses unlike synthetic forms. Many of these herbs are listed endangered and are scarcely subjected to conservational measures while others remain underexploited. One such plant family which is less explored for medicinal uses is the rare species encompassing Orchidaceae as identified by IUCN. Micropropagation of these orchids is very crucial for the sustenance of the species. Many revised plant tissue culture trials are in practice to elicit bio-chemicals of therapeutic potential which remains quite challenging. Callus induction and regeneration establish ploidy changes, which sometimes help in natural product enrichment. Our study is focused on phytochemical screening of Moscatilin in callus and regenerating callus systems. Identification and quantification was performed by RP-HPLC and Mass Spectrometry. ‘Moscatilin’ - a bibenzyl compound (stilbene), has been recently reported for its pharmaceutical purposes due to its anti-mutagenic and anti-cancer properties. We have compared the yield of moscatilin from respective wild plant populations, axenic seedlings, callus systems and callus-regenerated plants to identify and characterize optimum moscatilin production. Highest moscatilin yield from wild plant populations, in vitro micropropagated systems and callus systems was found to be 107.12 µg/gm, 65.24 µg/gm and 89.27 µg/gm dry weights respectively of plant extract (~1.3 fold increase than the normal in vitro systems). We also demonstrate the effect of elicitors (methyl jasmonate and yeast extract) on further enhancement of Moscatilin in callus systems. This study is an attempt to design a protocol to augment the medicinal stilbene (moscatilin) without the destruction of natural populations in the wild and to find the rate limiting factors involved in bioproduction of Moscatilin.

Jayshri Ashokrao Tayade completed M Pharm in 2007 from C.U.Shah College of Pharmacy S.N.D.T. University Mumba and Pursuing Ph.D from North Maharashtra University, Her Published 1 paper in international Journal.

Formulations containing two or more than two herbs are called polyherbal formulation. Drug formulation in Ayurveda is based on two principles:Use as a single drug and use of more than one drugs latter is known as polyherbal formulaion. The concept of polyherbalism is peculiar to Ayurveda although it is difficult to explain in term of modern parameters. Historically, the Ayurvedic literature “Sarangdhar samhita” highlights the concept of synergism behind polyherbal formulations. Even though single herb formulation have been well established due to their active phytoconstituents, they usually present in minute amount and sometimes they are insufficient to achieve the desirable therapeutic effects. Scientific studies have revealed that these plants of varying potency when combined may theoretically produce a greater result, as compared to individual use of the plant and also the sum of their individual effect, thus positive herb-herb interaction produce synergism, which could be pharmacokinetic synergism or pharmacodynamic synergism. Popularity of polyherbal formulation is due to their high effectiveness in a vast number of diseases. They have wide therapeutic range( effective at low dose and safe at high dose),fewer side effects,eco-friendly,cheaper and redily available Polyherbal formulations are not always safe .As described in Charaka Samhita ,Ayurvedic formulation have adverse effect when prepared or used inappropriately. The problems of polyherbal formulation occur due to sources and manufacturing process, patients, Ayurvedic practioners, drug-herb interaction,clinical reproducibily , toxicity due to improper manufacturing and irrational prescribing of polyherbal formulation as well as law and regulations ,inspite of all these problems, popularity of polyherbal formulation is increasing and hence it demands more scientific search in this field

Mr. Joshi U.P. Assistant Professor of Pharmacognosy, DCS’s Annasaheb Ramesh Ajmera College of Pharmacy, Nagaon, Dhule, NMU, Jalgaon(MS) India. He completed his B.Pharm. from North Maharashtra University Jalgaon and M.Pharm. from Pune University. He has 8 years experience in teaching of Pharmacognosy. He published research and review papers in some national and international journals with having good impact factor. He also presented posters and participated in many global national as well as international conferences and seminars. He represented university at state level inter university research convention two times from pharmacy teacher category. He is also life member of APTI & handled various mini-projects of B.Pharm students.

The objective of the present study is to evaluate in vitro antioxidant and in vitro anthelmintic activity of different extracts of Mimusops elengi. The Mimusops elengi is perennial ayurvedic plant, is widely distributed in India. The leaves of Mimusops elengi were collected from Dhule district and authenticated. The dried material was broken into a coarse powder in an electric grinder and subjected to extraction. The extraction of bark was carried out by successive extraction method with petroleum ether, chloroform and then with methanol. Similarly aqueous extract were also prepared. Antioxidant activity of these extracts was determined in vitro by DPPH and nitric oxide method using ascorbic acid as standard. The anthelmintic activity of these extracts was evaluated on earthworm with albendazole as standard. It was found that methanolic extract of leaves showed comparable antioxidant and anthelmintic activity.

Presenting author K S Raghu has completed his MSc in Bioscience (2009) from University of Mysore, Mysore. Currently he is pursuing Ph.D. in Department of Ageing Research at School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal

The phenomenon of ageing is universally conserved in eukaryotes. Brain is one of the significantly affected organ during ageing, due to inability of brain cells to divide and differentiate. Aged brain shows impairment in several functions such as cognition, reasoning capacity, phonemic memory and vocabulary. Traditional system of Indian “Ayurveda” emphasizes on improved healthy life. Shankhpushpi, one of the medhya rasayana has been used to enhance memory through rejuvenation of the nervous tissue hence improves health of brain cells during ageing. However, the evidences of such biological effects of shankhpushpi on brain functions are not very well understood. Deregulation of signaling pathways related to cognition, DNA repair and autophagy have been associated with brain ageing. Hence, in the present study we attempt to elucidate effects of shankhpushpi prepared from Clitorea ternatea on stereotaxic mediated kainate injury during ageing in rat model. Stereotaxic stress induced adult rats, administered with shankhpushpi rasayana for consecutive 60 days with jaggery as placebo showed an increased constitutive base excision repair. We observed potentiation of cell viability/ cellularity in hippocampus region. On the other hand, decrease in levels of Light chain-3 protein and cadaverine uptake suggested reduction of autophagy in brain tissues. Gene expression microarray analysis revealed rasayana treatment enhanced the expression of neurotransmitter receptor genes in the hippocampus of adult rats. Rasayana treatment improved episodic memory in stereotaxic stress induced young and adult rats. Our study reveals molecular basis of beneficial effects of shankhpushpi rasayana in the context of ageing.

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Anti-inflammatory activity of Indigofera oblongifolia Forsk root extracts (Methanolic) was studied in Wistar rats using the carrageenan induced left hind paw edema. The methanolic extracts 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight shows significant anti-inflammatory activity. Indigofera oblongifolia Forsk methanolic extracts of reduced the edema induced by carrageenan by 32.19 % and 40.97 % respectively on oral administration of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight as compared to the untreated control group. Diclofenac sodium at 10 mg/kg body weight inhibited the edema volume by 39.02 %. The results indicated that the methanolic extract 500 mg/kg body weight shows more significant (p<0.05) anti-inflammatory activity when com-pared with the standard and untreated control.

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Purpose: To investigate the phytochemistry and cytotoxic activity of methanolic ripe fruit extracts of Gaedenia lucida (G.lucida) belongs to the family Rubiaceae collected from the Eturnagaram forest Warangal, Telangana, India. Methods: Extracts of the ripe fruits, of Gaedenia lucida were obtained using various organic solvents. Thin–layer chromatography (TLC) and phytochemical screening were employed to identify the chemical constituents. Cytotoxicity was characterized by 50 % inhibition (IC 50) of human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) and Cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa cell line) using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthaizol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetr azolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results: Phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed that they were rich in secondary metabolite such as saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins, cardiac glycosides, phenols and phytosterols. The methanolic extracts of the fruit was cytotoxic against MCF-7 cell line (IC 50 = 50.0 μg/ml) and HeLa cell line (IC 50 = 60.90 μg/ml). However, further studies, including identification and purification of the active compounds, will need to be pursued.

L.Suresh has pursuing his PhD at the age of 26 years under the supervision of Prof. G. V. P. Chandramouli at National Institute Of Technology, Warangal. Iam working as a research scholar in Department of Chemistry. I have 2 publications in a reputed journals.

A simple and facile synthesis of a series of novel pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines have been achieved successfully via one-pot three-component reaction of 2-amino-7-methyl-5-oxo-4-phenyl-4,5-dihydropyrano[4,3-b]pyran-3-carbonitriles, DMF-DMA and arylamines, in the presence of 1-butyl-3-methylhydrogensulphate [Bmim]HSO4 ionic liquid. This method has several advantages of producing high yields, clean reaction, simple methodology and short reaction times. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative and different Candida strains. Among the screened derivatives, the compounds pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines were found to be active against both bacterial and Candida strains with MIC values ranging between 3.9 to 31.2 µg mL-1. In addition, the compound pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines showed good minimum bactericidal concentration, minimum fungicidal concentration and anti-biofilm activities. Furthermore, the mode of antifungal action for the promising compound pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines were evaluated in C. albicans MTCC 1637 through the ergosterol biosynthesis inhibition process.

Presenting author Maryam Zare is M.Pharm student of VIPS, under the guidance of Dr. Namita Naikkhanvte under Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences. Karnataka.

Among the numerous botanical ingredients available on the market today, several confer dermatologic benefits. Cosmeceuticals are ingredients with medicinal properties that manifest beneficial topical actions and provide protection against degeneration skin conditions. Cosmeceuticals are the fastest growing segment of the personal care industry for topical cosmeceutical treatments such as photoaging, hyperpigmentation, wrinkles and hair damage have come in to wide spread use. During aging, the elasticity of the skin will decrease due to enzyme elastase leads to sagging and at same time hyaluronic acid in the skin also diminishes and skin become dry and wrinkled. Mangostanol present in root extract of Garcina mangostana contains phenolic groups, which have been reported to show good anti aging property. Mangostanol a pleiotropic agent capable of modulating key regulatory cell signaling pathways. The present work is aimed to develop an anti aging skin protecting formulation, using novel, herbal root extract obtained from Garcina mangostana and evaluate the formulation for various quality control parameters. The cream was formulated using excipients like stiffening agents, emulsifying agents, humectants, emollients (DUB SSIC), preservative (Euxyl K 510) along with active. The quality assessment of cream was carried out by studying the appearance, texture, odour, pH, viscosity, spreadability and anti-aging activity. Also, the formulation was evaluated in healthy human volunteers for skin irritation. Formulation satisfied desired physiochemical properties and found to be non-irritant and stable over period of 2 months. Thus, skinprotecting cream containing Garcina mangostana root extract was successfully formulated and evaluated thereby proving its cosmeceutical potential.

Mrs. Minal S.Patil, Assistant Professor of Pharmacognosy, DCS’s Annasaheb Ramesh Ajmera College of Pharmacy, Nagaon, Dhule, NMU, Jalgaon(MS) India. She completed her B.Pharm. from Pune University & M.Pharm. from North Maharashtra University Jalgaon and Purshing P.hD. from North Maharashtra University Jalgaon. She has 6 years experience in teaching of Pharmacognosy. She published research and review papers in some national and international journals with having good impact factor. She also presented posters and participated in many global national as well as international conferences and seminars. She represented university at state level inter university research convention two times from pharmacy teacher category. She is also life member of APTI & handled various mini-projects of B.Pharm students.

Bioenhancers or biopotentiators are a revolutionary concept in modern medicine. Bioenhancers are such agents, which by themselves are not therapeutic entities but when combined with an active drug lead to the potentiation of the pharmacologic effect of the drug. Such formulations have been found to increase the bioavailability / bioefficacy of a number of drugs even when reduced doses of drugs are present in such formulations. Evidence has been obtained for such classes of drugs which are poorly bioavailable, require prolonged therapy and are highly toxic and expensive. These are phytomolecules development of which is based on ancient knowledge of Ayurveda. They augment the bioavailability or biological activity of drugs when administered at low doses. They reduce the dose; shorten the treatment period. The treatment is made cost effective, minimizing drug toxicity and adverse reactions. When used in combination with number of drug classes such as antibiotics, antituberculosis, antiviral drugs they are quite effective. Oral absorption of vitamins, minerals, herbal extracts, amino acids and other nutrients are improved by them. They act through several mechanisms which may affect mainly absorption process, drug metabolism.

Mohammed Rageeb Mohammed Usman; Assistant Professor, Smt. S. S. Patil College of Pharmacy, Chopda affiliated to North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India. He has 7 years of teaching experience. His Published Two International book entitles “Appraisal on Nephroprotective Herbal Plants (A Brief Introduction)” & Anti-inflammatory and Antipyretic Activity of Murraya Koenigii Spreng.”, 3 books are communicated for publication and more than 52 Review/Research articles in various peer reviewed national and international journals having good impact factor. He also Presented more than 120 oral and poster presentations and participated more than 160 national and international scientific occasions. He is a life time member of various Pharmacy professional Associations (APTI, APP, SPER, ISP, ICPHS, IHPA, IPA, RHS, ABAP, IGPA and INHS). He is President of Society of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER) Maharashtra State Branch, President of Association of Pharmacy Professional Maharashtra State Branch (APP), Indian Pharmacist Association (IPA) and Research Scholar Hub (RSH) Maharashtra State Branch, Associate Editor of Tyagi Pharmacy Association (TPA), State Representative of Society of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Associate Editor of SPER Time, Editor in Chief of Annual College Magazine “PHYSIC-2009 and PHYSIC-2014". He is elected as a Fellowship award of Indian Congress of Pharmacy and Health Science (ICPHS), Association of Pharmacy Professional (APP), Society of Researcher and Health Care Professional (SRHCP), Research Scholar Hub (RHS) and editorial board member of more than 68 journals and Reviewer/ Referee of more than 24 peer reviewed journals. He organized 6 National Conferences, 3 National Seminar and 2 National Health awareness camp. He is Guest of Honors and Invited Speaker for Various National/International Conferences. He is Received Appreciation/Best Oral/Poster Presentation Award in Various Conferences. He is Recipient of “Young Performer Award”, “Young Achiever Award” and “Appreciation Awards” in 2nd Annual National Convention held SNJB’S Shriman Sureshdada Jain College of Pharmacy, Chandwad, Nashik, Maharashtra on March 2013, “Young Pharmacy Teacher Award” in 3rd Annual National Convention held Dharmsinh Desai University, Nadiad, Gujarat on January 2014, “Young Innovative Researcher Award” in National Conference held at Lovely Professional University on March 2014, “Young Talent Award 2014” by Rodeina Challand, Executive Director, PRA Health Sciences, Berkshire, United Kingdom in 3rd International Conference held at Hyderabad International Convention Centre, Hyderabad, Organized by OMICS Group Incorporation, USA on 27-29 Oct. 2014, “Young Pharmacist Award 2015” by Dr. Aushutosh Kar and “Best State Branch Award 2015” by Dr. Aushutosh Kar and Dr. Rajiv Dahiya, President, APP In APP 4th National Convention on Industry Participation in Academic Intervention: Need for Overall Upgradation of Pharmacy Profession held at Invertis Institute of Pharmacy, Invertis University, Bareilly, on 31 Jan. 2015. Recently Prof. Md. Rageeb Md. Usman is awarded with “Fellowship Award 2015” and “Best State Branch Award 2015” (SPER Maharashtra State) by Prof (Dr.) K. K. Raina (V. C. DIT University, Dehradun), R. S. Prakasham (Senior Principal Scientist & Deputy Director IICT, Hyderabad), Prof. (Dr.) S. H. Ansari (HOD, Dept. of Pharmacognosy, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi) & Prof. (Dr.) N. V. Madhav (Director, Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun, UK and Dr. Upendra Nagaich (Secretary, SPER) in 4 Annual International Conference and Exhibition on Pharmaceutical Innovation for Global Excellence: Ignite, Invent, Implement held at DIT University, Dehradun, UK on 27-28 February 2015. He is also Expert for Poster Evaluation in SPER 4th Annual International Conference & Exhibition held at DIT University, Dehradun, UK, on 27-28 Feb. 2015.

Two different extracts of the fruits of Momordica charantia (Family: Cucurbitaceae) were tested for anti-diabetic activity, by analyzing body weight and blood glucose level in Wistar Albino rats and Alloxan induced diabetic rats. EEMC and EAMC were shown various bioactive phytoconstituents such that, alkaloids, carbohydrate, flavonoids, fatty acids, saponins, steroids and terpenoids. Ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts had shown significant protection, lowered the blood glucose levelsand increased body weight to normal condition. In Alloxan induced diabetic rats the maximum reduction in blood glucose and increased body weight was observed on thirtieth day. The protections by EEMC and EAMC were significantly at p<0.001. Both the extracts showed a significant anti-diabetic activity comparable reduction that of diabetic condition. These results indicate that the M. charantia root possess significant anti-diabetic activity. The presence various phytoconstituents it may be suggested that one of the chemical compound was given the action against the diabetic condition.

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Coleus forskohlii Willd. is a popular traditional medicine used since ancient times for treatment of heart diseases, abdominal colic and respiratory disorders. * Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize the root extract of the medicinal plant Coleus forskohlii. Materials and Methods: Dry roots of C. forskohlii were used to extract Forskolin using toluene as a solvent. Thus, obtained extract of C. forskohlii was standardized to 30% and used for further studies. Results: The physical properties of the extract were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy analysis, while the characterization of root extract through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and element analysis. The morphological feature of the C. forskohlii extract showed a flake like structure and the XRD showed sulfur trioxide and trimer of sulfur trioxide Through element analysis, elements such as carbon, oxygen, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorous, and sulfur were identified. Carbon showed the highest weight of 75.49% in comparison to all other elements

Nikhilesh Dhuria and Sunaina Bhaskar- M.Pharm student at Bombay College of Pharmacy Deep Bhattacharya- Graduate student at University of Nebraska Medical Center. Shruti Gaggar-B. Pharm student at Bombay College of Pharmacy.

Studies have shown that Punica granatum (Lythraceae) and Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae) have remarkable biological and medicinal properties. This work explores and compares the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanolic extract of fruit peel of Punica granatum and ethanolic extract of the leaves of Psidium guajava. The extracts were administered orally (50 & 100 mg/kg) for anti-inflammatory activity which was studied using rat paw edema test and the antilipid peroxidation test was carried using Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) method. For lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity of P.guajava extract was found to reduce the TBARS formation better than their free form with an IC50 values of 16.86 and 13.09 µg/ml and for anti-inflammatory activity using rat paw edema method 1.2 (±0. 002) ** at the third hour compared to control 2.5(±0. 015) ** and standard diclofenac sodium 0.85 (±0. 007) ** at 100 mg/kg dose. While for P.granatum antioxidant activity was found to have IC50values17.41 µg/ml for biomarker complex & 23.84 µg/ml for the plant extract complex. Anti-inflammatory activity was found to be maximum at third hour where the extract of High Yielding Polyphenolic extract (HYPE) complex (21.95%) than their isolated form, it may be due to the presence of parent catechin, quercetin, myricetin and their metabolites. Both the extracts exhibited significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The results demonstrated that P. Granatum & P.guajava contains active constituents, which possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, justifying its popular uses.

Ms Pallavi Deshpande has completed her M.Pharm at the age of 23 years from SNDT University, Mumbai. She is working as clinical research associate at Indus Biotech Private Limited, Pune and mainly involved in coordinating clincal and animal toxicology studies since last 3 years. Earlier she was working with Cipla ltd as project coordinator and responsible for coordinating clinical as well as pre-clinical studies for more than 3 years

The prenatal developmental toxicity of procyanidine polyphenols from Cinnamomum zeylanicum (TAPP-CZ) to pregnant female rats and their developing fetuses was evaluated in sprague dawley rats. Groups of 25 mated females were treated by oral administration with vehicle or TAPP-CZ (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight/day) on gestation days (GD) 5 to GD 19. Maternal food consumption, body weight, and clinical signs were monitored throughout gestation period. Cesarean sections were performed on GD 20 and gravid uterine weight, implantation sites, number of early and late resorptions, number of live and dead fetuses were recorded. Live fetuses were weighed and examined for external, visceral and skeletal variations and malformations.. The maternal toxicity no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was 500 mg/kg/day based on maternal parameters like gestation body weight, feed consumption, corrected body weight, uterine weight (gravid and relative), uterine observations and gross pathological findings under the conditions of this study. However, the developmental toxicity NOAEL was 500 mg/kg/day based on fetal developmental endpoints like fetal weight, crown-rump length, fetal sex ratio and incidence of external, soft tissue and skeletal anomalies. In conclusion, there was no significant effect on any maternal and fetal endpoints at any dose level of TAPP-CZ as compared to vehicle control group.

Priyanka Mangal received her B. Pharm from Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar, India and M. Pharm from National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali, India. She is currently pursuing her PhD from National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali, India under the supervision of Prof. Kamlesh K. Bhutani.

In 21st century obesity and associated complications has emerged as most grievous public health concerns. There is a continuous urge to develop anti-obesity agents. Present study involves the screening of 52 extracts of 13 plant materials of six selected plants for in vitro pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibition and anti adipogenic potential using 3T3 L1 preadipocytes. DCM and EtOAc extracts of Oroxylum indicum bark was found to be most active on both models and further selected for bioactivity guided phytochemical investigation. Bioactivity guided fractionation of EtOAc extract provided 7 fractions using Vacuum liquid chromatography. Further chromatography techniques were provided three compounds from most active fraction III and characterized as oroxylin A, chrysin and bacailein. All the compounds were active on anti-adipogenesis assay and moderately active on PL inhibition assay. Chrysin was most active among all three compounds. So, present study is an attempt to evaluate anti-obesity potential of Indian medicinal plants and identify their bioactive costitutents.

Ramesh Gondru has completed his M. Sc in Organic chemistry in 2011 from Vivekavardhani P.G College (affiliated to Kakatiya University), Kothagudem (M), Khammam (D) and pursuing PhD at the age of 28 years from National Institute of Technology, Warangal. He has published 6 papers in reputed journals

In an attempt to find a new class of heterocyclic bio-active agents, a series of novel 3-(1-phenyl-4-((2-(4-arylthiazol-2-yl)hydrazono)methyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one derivatives (5a-l) have been synthesized efficiently in both quantitatively and qualitatively via three-component one-pot manner by Hantzsch condensation. Structures of all the newly synthesized compounds were established by their spectral data and elemental analyses, and evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Among the tested compounds (5a-l), the derivatives 5k, 5h and 5a have displayed broad spectrum antibacterial activity, whereas the compounds 5b and 5f were found to be potent antifungal agents. Antioxidant activity results revealed that, the compounds 5a, 5b and 5i have exhibited high radical scavenging ability than the positive control drug Trolax. Further, molecular docking of synthesized compounds (5a-l) in to binding site of crystal structure of E.coli MurB enzyme (PDB Id: 1MBT), a key enzyme in the peptidoglycan biosynthesis, was performed to gain a comprehensive understanding into plausible binding modes and also to compare the theoretical and experimental results of these compounds. Docking results revealed that the docking scores and H-bonding interactions of the ligands are in good agreement with the in vitro results and also indicated that the compounds 5k, 5h and 5a have considerable binding energies and greater affinity towards the active site of MurB enzyme. Thus, they can be further optimized and developed as lead compounds.

Sk.Sajed Ali is a PhD student working in the Post Graduate Department of Biochemistry, O.I.S.T., Vidyasagar University. He is SRF under Moulana Azad National Fellowship (UGC)

In an attempt to develop folk-traditional medicine, edible snails (Bellamya bengalensis) were used to purify blood, boost immune system, and prevent conjunctivitis, arthritics and to treat liver problems. To evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of the snail (Bellamya bengalensis) flesh extract was used to screen the effect on arsenic-induced hepatic toxicity in female rat of Wistar strain. Live adult Bellamia bengalensis was collected from the pond at the region of Midnapur, West Bengal. We investigate the efficacy of supplementation of Bellamya bengalensis extract (BBE) (40% W/V) (100 mg tissue/100 g b.w.) with NaAsO2 (0.6 ppm)/ 100 g b.w. for 28 days to rats, with respect to control albino rats. After 28 days all the animals were sacrificed to collect the blood and liver tissue. Necrotic and apoptotic damages and their BBE-protection are shown in DNA-fragmentation, comet-assay, and histoarchitecture (hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-schiff staining) results. Only arsenic exposure decreased hepatic antioxidant parameters superoxide dismutase, catalase activities, Xanthine oxidase, lactoperoxidase activity and level of soluble thiol with a concomitant increase in malondialdehyde. Alteration of serum necrotic marker lactate dehydrogenase indicates the impairment may be occurring at transcription and/or cellular signal transduction level. BBE strongly prevented arsenic induced elevation of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, total protein level in male Wistar rats. The present investigation offers strong evidence for the hepatoprotective and antioxidative efficiencies of BBE against oxidative stress induced by arsenic

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Three membered rings are highly strained compound and valuable synthetic intermediates tools in the organic synthesis. In which epoxides, aziridines and cycloalkanes provide a virtual backbone of organic synthesis. An efficient and mild protocol has been developed for the synthesis of epoxides using sulfur ylide is described. We have developed a novel protocol for the transformation of aldehydes into oxiranes in good yield. Carboxymethyl betaine 2 was heated at 600C and decarboxylates to produce sulfur ylide 3. Sulfur ylides are known to transfer alkylidene groups to unsaturated systems containing multiple bonds. We have demonstrated that carboxymethyl betaine 2 is an effective alkylidene transfer agent. Our reported method was found to be best with the carbonyl derivatives of electron rich as well as electron deficient aryl aldehydes and also observed high levels of conversion as well as isolated yields of oxiranes. The overall process involves thermally induced decarboxylation of aryl sulfonium betaine results in formation of sulfur ylide and the efficiency of ylide generation and trapping has been evaluated via methylidene transfer to a range of aldehydes to form epoxides. In situ generation of betaine in the presence of an aldehyde successfully afforded the desired oxirane in moderate yield.

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Plant secondary metabolites play an important role in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. Stress involve in either accumulation or depletion of secondary metabolites in plants. Salt stress has been reported to induce various metabolites in several plants. Here, we have investigated the role of salt stress in Bixa orellana towards the bixin biosynthesis. The seedlings of B. orellana were grown in different mM concentration of NaCl (0, 25, 50, 75, 100) and comparative biochemical, molecular variations study was carried out. The stress treated and control leaves of B.orellana was analyzed with various stress enzyme like catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) using spectroscopic analysis as well as by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic technique. The total proteins from control leaves and NaCl treated leaves were estimated as well as analyzed in SDS PAGE. In addition spectroscopic based total carotenoid pigment and bixin was estimated. Increasing level of antioxidant enzymes like CAT, POD and SOD was observed upon increasing salt concentration indicating the salt tolerance of the plantlets. It has been observed that salt stress treated plantlets produced more amount of carotenoid pigment. These results may afford the mechanism of salt tolerance and enhanced pigment production of B. orellana. In summary the abiotic stress factor, salinity influence secondary metabolite production in B.orellana.

Mr. Shailesh B.Patil, Assistant Professor of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, DCS’s Annasaheb Ramesh Ajmera College of Pharmacy, Nagaon, Dhule, NMU, Jalgaon(MS) India. He completed his B.Pharm. & M.Pharm. From North Maharashtra University Jalgaon and Pursuing Ph.D From North Maharashtra University Jalgaon. He has 6 years experience in teaching of Pharmaceutical chemistry. He published research and review papers in some national and international journals with having good impact factor. He also presented posters and participated in many global national as well as international conferences and seminars. He also handled various mini-projects of B.Pharm students.

The analysis and quality control of herbal medicines are moving a step ahead towards an integrative and comprehensive direction, in order to tackle the complex nature of herbal medicines. Analytical techniques like HPTLC, HPLC, MS, IR etc. are the sophisticated instrumental techniques for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the herbs and herbal drugs. This review article emphasizes on different analytical method based development and evaluation of validation characteristics.

Ms. Shikha Jain, has completed her M. Pharma at the age of 24 years from Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya and she is Research Scholar at Bhagwant University.

Since ancient age nature has been a source of medicinal agents and many of the traditional drugs have been isolated from natural source. Cissus quadrangularis, is used in indigenious system of medicine like ayurveda, siddha, unani and homoeopathy. Cissus quadrangularis, a perennial climber widely used in traditional medicinal systems of India has been reported to posses bone fracture healing, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anthelmintic, antihemorrhoidal and anti inflammatory activities. Many active compounds have been isolated from the plants through various extraction method using different solvents and these are pharmacologically active. The isolated chemical constituents from Cissus quadrangularis extract, which plays major role including gallic acid derivatives, steroids, iridoids, flavonoids, stilbenes and triterpenes. There are various compounds in cissus quadrangularis which posses anti inflammatory action. In the present work five compounds- (1) methyl gallate, (2) myricetin, (3) daidzein, (4) geniotein, (5) daucosterol has been selected for isolation. These new compounds show potential medicinal values with anti-inflammatory properties with minimum side effects.

The presenting author Shreyas. K. S., is a research associate under the able guidance of Dr.Rajarajeshwari. N at VISVESWARAPURA INSTITUTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, Rajiv gandhi university of health sciences., who is a principal investigator in the major research project ICMR Ad-hok 21/12/17/09 HSR dated 24/06/2010. Entitled "Exploration of unexplored medicinal plants from Western ghat region of Ramghat for their cytotoxic potemtial and documentation of tribal knowledge from the tribal community located at the base of Ramghat .

The present study deals with the novel design and development of mouth dissolving de-worming tablets especially for pediatrics and geriatrics. According to WHO, 241 million children representing 68 % of the total, in the 1-14 years in India are estimated to be at risk of soil transmitted helminthes are parasitic worms. Generally, the treatment involves administering synthetic drugs like Albendazole which can cause nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting, jaundice and chemical cholestasis In view of the above, this present study is designed to develop mouth dissolving tablets containing new plant extract of Diospyros montana (Family - Ebenaceae) leaf which showed significant anthelmintic activity in our previous study. Tree is distributed throughout the western ghats of India, Srilanka and Australia. For pediatrics, administration and acceptability of drug plays an important role. Hence, an attempt was made to develop flavoured melt in mouth tablets which are patient friendly, traveller friendly and can be administered without water. The tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique using different ratios of binder, superdisintegrant (NS 300), sweeteners, Instacoat flavour. The developed tablets were evaluated for various quality control parameterrs like appearance, taste, drug content, weight variation, thickness, hardness, in vitro disintegration time and friability. Results indicated successful formulation of mouth dissolving tablets with pleasant taste and satisfactory mouth feel with optimum physicochemical properties. The developed formulation was subjected to in vitro anthelmintic activity on Pheretima posthuma and found to exhibit significant level of activity when compared with marketed formulation.

Shrinivas is currently working as Head of Pharmaceutics department of Sinhgad Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pune, India. He is registered Indian Pharmacist having 13+ years of academic and research experience. Presented and published 35+ research articles in national and international journals/ conferences and received 07 best research paper awards. His research areas are – nanoparticles and NDDS and guided 14 Post Graduate students for dissertation. His biography is included in Marquis Who’s Who in the World 28th Edition, 2011. He is reviewer of various journals to name a few Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, Asian Journal of Complementary and Alternative medicine.

The biosynthesis of nanoparticles has been proposed as a cost effective and environmental friendly alternative to chemical and physical methods. Gold nanoparticles were synthesised using standardized resveratrol extract as reducing agents. The method described a novel application of resveratrol and fortifies the screening of a new potential source of reducing agent for the synthesis of Au-R-NPs. The particle size of Au-R-NP was found in the range from 50-100nm and is in the reported size range of NP. The zeta potential of Au-R-NP was found to be -22.64 mV, validated the size and the charge of the nanoparticles in colloidal solution without any aggregation. Pure drug has characteristic exothermic melting peak at 132.34°c with high intensity. From the DSC results, it was found that melting point of Au-R-NP was shifted to higher temperature indicating the crystalline nature than that of resveratrol. FTIR studies confirmed the biofabrication of the Au-R-NPs by the action of its different functional groups present in the reducing agent. Au-R-NPs were screened for in-vitro anticancer activity on human lung carcinoma A-549 cell line. Au-R-NPs exhibited promising in-vitro anticancer activity with IC50 value of 10μg.

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The plant Nigella sativa also known as (kalonji, back cumin, black caraway, nutmeg flower) is considered to be one of the greatest healing herb of all times belonging to family:Ranunculaceae this herbs has been used for milenniums to strength the immune system, cleanse the body, purify the blood, protect against irritants and support healthy longivity since, 1959 there have been over 200 studies at international universities and article published in various journals showing remarkable results supporting some of its traditional use, parts of plants such as seeds and fruits has been used as medicines, plant nigella sativa have been reported to have significant activity against many diseased condition such as pancreatic cancer, asthama, bronchitis, coughing, antitumour (tumour of the abdomen, eyes and liver). The seeds have analgesi, antilipemic, post coital contraceptive, diuretics, hypertensive, bronchiodilators, calcium antagonist, histamine release inhibitor, hepato protective, antihelmentic, antifungal, antimicrobial, anti diabetic, anti cancer, anti inflammatory activities. According to religious believe in islam it is called as Habbatul Barakah (Universal healer), Black seed is also menttioned as the curative black eumin in the holy bible and is described as melanthion by hippocrates and dioscorides and as gith by pliny. The above article is a sincere efforts to describe the benefits of nigella sativa.

Sk Md Ismail Al Amin is now working as SRF (DST INSPIRE Fellow) in department of Botany & Forestry, Vidyasagar University under the guidance of Dr Asis Kumar Nandi

Senna occidentalis (L.) Link, of the family Caesalpiniaceae and locally known as ‘kalkasundha’ in India, is a medicinal plant of multifarious uses. The leaf of the plant considered to be medicinally important and it claims to cure several diseases in traditional system mentined in ayurveda along with other earlier records suggesting its use as analgesic, antipyretic drug, to treat colitis, constipation, dysentery, jaundice, cholera, leprosy and many others. In this context the detailed pharmacognostic study of the leaf has been carried out with the aim to get pharmaceutical information for better indentification of the species, even when plant parts are pounded to powder form. The parameters selected were microscopical studies; proximate analysis, fluorescence analysis and preliminary phytochemical screening. Quantitative microscopic parameters includes the stomatal index, palisade ratio and vein-islet number considered as distinguishing features. Powder microscopy of the drug, the behaviour of the powdered drug with different chemical reagents and its fluorescence analysis are also observed to characterise the crude drug which helped to roughly identify the chemical nature of the constituents present in the drug. The proximate analysis gave the limits for the parameters performed and fluroscence analysis shows presence of glysoside, starch and low amount of cardic glycoside, saponin and tannin. This information also proves to be invaluable as it comes to use in detecting spurious materials, mixed as anadulterant, from the original ones. The present study displays various characteristics of the species, the combination of which will be unique for it and of pharmacognostic significance.

I Miss. Gadekar Snehal Sukadeo has completed M.Pharm(Pharmacognosy) at the age of 24 years from NDMVP College of pharmacy, Nasik, Pune University and pursuing Ph.D from R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, India.

Tranqwin is a polyherbal formulation used to enhance the memory and increase blood circulation in the brain. It includes six herbal ingredients in which piperine and withaferine-A shows the memory enhancing effect. A simple TLC densitometric method has been developed for the quantification of these marker compounds in the polyformulation using HPTLC. These compounds where quantified and found to be 0.49 % and 0.089 % of piperine and withaferine-A respectively. The methods were validated for specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, LOD, LOQ, robustness and ruggedness. The linearity was found to be in the range of 50-300 ng/spot for piperine and 200-1200 ng/spot for withaferine-A. Accuracy of the method was checked by recovery study conducted by standard addition method and the average percentage recovery was found to be 99.34 % and 99.52 % for piperine and withaferine-A respectively. The proposed method is simple, specific, precise, accurate and reproducible and can be used for the routine quality control analysis of formulation containing traditional drug.

Mrs. Surekha D. Salgar is a Assistant professor, Department of Pharmacognosy at Smt. S. S. Patil College of Pharmacy Chopda, NMU University Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India. She completed B. Pharm. and M. Pharm. Degree from Mumbai University. She has taught pharmacognosy for over 5 year. She efforts in research and review have led to the publication of 8 research and review paper in national and international journals. She has attended various global conferences. She is a life time member of Associations of Pharmacy professional (APP) and Indian Pharmacists Association (IPA).

Musa acuminata, commonly known as banana plant. The flower of the banana plant is also known as banana blossom or banana heart. The family to whom banana belongs is called musaceae as banana blossom, represent a valuable source of potassium, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, minerals, fatty acid content, flavonoids, saponin, essential and Non- essential amino acid, tannins, glycoside and steroid . Banana flower is a good antioxidant source. Banana flower has a huge nutritional value and healthy benefit. In most tropical countries, bananas flower are used for cooking. People came to the conclusion that cooking of banana flower has about the very high nutritional and calorie content than other ones. The flower of the banana plant is used in Southeast Asian, Indian, and Bengali cooking either served raw with dips or cooked in soups, dip fried, cutlet and curries. The objective of Present study was the utilization of banana flowers could provide healthy benefits of human being.

Suvarnalata Suhas Mahajan completed M Pharm from North Maharashtra University Jalgaon and Pursuing Ph.D from North Maharashtra University, Her Published 1 paper in international Journal.

Colocasia esculenta, a perennial tropical plant native to Southest Asia is primarily grown as a root vegetable for its edible starchy corn but the versatility of the plant is reflected by the fact that not only the corn but its stem and leaves are also used frequently as seasonal vegetable. Green leaves of colocasia are considered as a rich source of β-carotene, ascorbic acid, folic acid, riboflavin, B vitamins, vitamin A and minerals such as iron, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium. Colocasia esculenta Plants or plant-based preparations for the treatment of various ailments in their traditional system of medicine. Studies conducted in Asia in the past have reported that babies who were fed poi-a type of baby food prepared from taro were found to suffer less from health conditions. In the recent past, taro products found in most large supermarkets around the world included taro chips, taro bread, vegetable taro burger and baby food due to its high digestibility. Taro is an extremely diverse food. The corms can be baked, roasted, or boiled and have a bland, slightly savory flavor when cooked alone, but are usually eaten with Other ingredients. Taro can be made with meat, gravy, or many other ingredients like vegetables. It can be fried, preserved, dried, and made into flour, grated, made into a stew, or consumed in many other ways in many different countries. It is often used in many traditional cultural dishes. Thus present investigation was undertaken to examine the nutritional value of Taro for health benefit.

Swetha Srinivasa is a Research Associate of VIPS, under the guidance of Dr Namita Naik Khanvte in one of the research project sanctioned by RGUHS, project number RGUHS/R & D/Research grants/ P09/ 2010-2011.

Helminthiasisis is a macroparasitic disease of humans and other animals in which a part of the body is infected with parasitic worms (helminthes) like tapeworms, flukes and round worms. They live in the gastrointestinal tract of their hosts, but may also burrow into other organs, where they induce physiological damage. A lot of synthetic drugs are available in the market which can cause side effects. Hence, there is a need to develop novel herbal formulation with minimum side effects and good patient compliance. Punica granatum L. Family Punicaceae, is an ancient, mystical, unique fruit. It is reported to have anthelmintic activity in previous literature. Hence, the present study is focussed to develop mouth dissolving anthelmintic tablets containing fruit rind extract of Punica granatum L especially for pediatrics. The tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique using different ratios of binder, super disintegrant (NS 300), sweeteners, Instacoat flavour. The developed tablets were evaluated for various quality control parameters like appearance, taste, drug content, weight variation, thickness, hardness, in vitro disintegration time and friability. Results indicated successful formulation of mouth dissolving tablets with pleasant taste and satisfactory mouth feel with optimum physicochemical properties. The developed formulation was subjected to in vitro anthelmintic activity on Pheretima posthuma and found to exhibit significant level of activity when compared with marketed formulation.

Tabrej Mujawar completed M pharm in clinical pharmacology 2009 and pursuing Phd from North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, He is published 5 papers in international Journal.

Chronic complications are the major outcome of type 2 diabetes mellitus progress, which reduce the quality of life of patients, invite heavy burdens to the health care system, and increase diabetic mortality. The aims of this study were to describe the prevalence of chronic complications among in dhule type 2 diabetic out patients and to examine the links between chronic complications and patients' demographics, diabetic related clinical characteristics. This Open-label hospital based survey in Dhule study was carried out in dhule city in mharashtra. SBHGM college (civil hospital).The survey was conducted from July 2012 to December 2014 with 600 type 2 diabetic outpatients. The subjects were interviewed face-to-face by using a questionnaire to obtain information on demographics, disease presentations and complications. Results: Of the 600 study subjects, 341 (56.83%) were male, and female 259(43.16%). the mean age was 62.2 ± 10.3 years. At least one chronic complication was diagnosed in 336 individuals (56.0%) of the study subjects; 156 (26.0%) presented with macrovascular complications and 108 (18.%) with microvascular complications. The prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular conditions, neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy and foot disease were 28.1%, 6.7%, 16.8%, 9.7%,12.8% and 0.8%, respectively. The prevalence of chronic complications varied between city, and significantly increased with age and duration of diagnosed diabetes. The mean of HbA1c in diabetic patients with chronic complications was 8.1% ± 1.6% and 63.0% of the subjects with type 2 diabetes related complications had a poor glycemic control with the HbA1c > 7.5%.Conclusions: Chronic complications are very prevalent among type 2 diabetic outpatients, the glycemic control of diabetic patients with chronic complications was poor, and future attentions should be directed at intensive blood glucose control, increases early diagnosis and improving case management to prevent and minimize the occurrence of complications.

Temitayo is a PhD student, an early career academician and a lecturer in the Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Ibadan the same place where she qualified as a pharmacist some fifteen years ago. She was the best graduating student in her Masters class where she isolated three bioactive compounds against caries causing micro-organisms from an indigenous seed. Before joining the academics, she was the chief pharmacist in the specialist Hospital of the Oyo state Hospitals management board.

The “miracle tree” as Moringa oleifera is popularly called has found use both medicinally and economically. Moringa (Moringaceae) is a highly valued plant cultivated in the tropics and sub-tropics. Previous research have investigated M. oleifera leaves for different activities, hence this study sort to investigate the seed of M. oleifera for its serum lipid profile altering activity in animal models. In this study, 20 animals (5 rats in a group) of weight 120-150 g excluding a control group on Normal diet were made obese by a high fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks, the basal lipid profile was determined and treatment with methanol extracts of M. oleifera seeds at 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight was for 6 weeks. The antihyperlipidemic activity was determined by monitoring the lipid profile and comparing to the control groups fed a normal diet, on HFD but treated with the standard drug (Orlistat 50mg/kg body weight) and, on HFD without treatment. A significant increase in Total Cholesterol (TC) and Low Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) in rats fed with HFD as compared to the control group that received normal diet was observed. Other Profiles such as Triglycerides (TG), High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), and very Low Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDLc) including the Atherogenic index (AI), though slightly increased, and were not significantly different from the rats fed with normal diet. The result revealed that methanol extracts of Moringa seed could alter serum lipid profile at doses tested although to different degree.

V. M. Darvhekar completed M Pharm in Pharmacognosy in 2008 from North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashtra and pursuing Phd from NIMS University, Jaipur, He is Published 9 paper in international Journal.

Medicinal plants are considerably useful and economically essential. They contain active constituents that are used in the treatment of many human diseases A.flavus recorded maximum antifungal activity of 93.0% inhibition at 50%concentration tested. In 40% of aqueous extract it was recorded 78.3% inhibition and moderate activity was observed in 20 and 30% concentration and recorded 63.3% and 49.3% respectively. A.flavus was followed by Penicillium species and was recorded 91.3% inhibition at 50% concentration. In 30 and 40% concentration it was recorded 671% and 79.3% inhibition respectively. Least activity was observed in 10% concentration. In F.oxysporum, at 50% concentration, 88.0% inhibition was recorded followed by 67.2%, 51.1%, 35.2% and 22.0% inhibition in 40, 30, 20 and 10% concentration tested. C.lunata recorded significant activity of 80.3% inhibition in 50% concentration and least inhibition was observed in 10% concentration(15.0%). In C.cladosporioides it was recorded 74.5% inhibition in 50% concentration and at 10% concentration , it was recorded 25.3% inhibition. Moderate activity was observed in 20, 30 and 40% concentration. Compared to synthetic fungicide Dithane M 45 and Bavistin at 2.0% recommended concentration, 100% inhibition was observed in all the test fungi.

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Aim of present study was to investigate the analgesic activity of the leaves extracts of Achyranthus aspera linn. The leaves of drug is converted in uniform particle size and extracted by using Petroleum ether (60-800 c), Benzene, Chloroform, Ethyl acetate, n-Butanol, and Ethanol solvents. Then TLC and column chromatography is performing for isolation of active principle. This active principle is further carryout analgesic activity by Writhing test method with the help of Aspirin (150 mg/kg) as standard drug. In Writhing Test Method the Ethanol extract showed good significant decrease in abdominal writhes as compared to standard group, where as n-Butanol extract, Ethyl acetate extract, Chloroform extract, Benzene extract, showed significant decrease in abdominal writhes, However, Pet-ether extract and Benzene extract failed to decrease in abdominal writhes when compared to standard group.

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Natural medicinal products have gained recognition worldwide in the treatment and control of diseases. One of the major concerns is the lack of adequate pharmacological and toxicological data to support their use. Myrsine africana is traditionally used as veterinary and human anthelmintic This study was carried out on the crude extracts of dry seeds of M. africana to evaluate the oral acute toxic effect on hematological parameters. Group1 and 2 of wistar rats were orally given 1000 and 5000 mg/kg body weight respectively alongside a control group which received distilled water. Eight blood parameters were measured after 48 hours and 14 days post extract administration using a semi- automatic hematological analyzer. The LD50 of the aqueous extracts M.africana seed extracts was estimated to be > 5000 mg/kg body weight in albino Wistar rats. Red blood cells (RBC) and packed cell volume (PCV) means of rats fed with 5000mg/kg body weight were found to be significantly elevated than the control at 48 hours testing. At day 14, thrombocytes (platelets) count was significantly high. The study concluded that Myrsine africana seed extract has a big safe margin validating its wide use as anthelmintic. However, consumption of M. africana at 5000mg/kg bodyweight induced hematopoietic imbalance indicated by the elevated red blood cells and platelets (thrombocytes). Hence lower doses are recommended as was indicated by the non-significant difference of 1000mg/kg body weight. Sub-acute, chronic toxicity studies and isolation to identify the biologically active ingredients of Myrsine africana seeds that were responsible for the above effects will follow.

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Oxystelma esculentunm R. Br. is belongs to the family Asclepiadaceae. Commonly known as ‘Jaldudhi’ or ‘Dudhlata’ and is found near water logged areas. The leaves are used as medicine in diuretic, galactagogue, anthelmintic, antiulcer, laxative and antiperiodic .The plant is also used in throat infections, skin diseases and jaundice. The leaves are simple, linear-lanceolate. The sides of epidermal cells of leaf in surface view are straight, few curved on the adaxial side and mostly straight to curved, few curved to wavy on the abaxial side. Stomata are few, mostly tetracytic and few anomocytic near to the veins on adaxial side and common, all over except on veins on abaxial side. Trichomes are absent on either sides. In transverse section (TS), the leaf at midvein is slightly ribbed on adaxial and ribbed an abaxial side. Epidermis is single layered interspersed with stomata on either sides, curved by thick cuticle. Mesophyll dorsiventral, differentiated in to 1-2 layered palisade and 3-5 layered spongy tissue. Ground tissue of midvein consists collenchyma and parenchyma tissues. Vascular tissue of midvein consists a large crescent shaped vascular bundle at centre, conjoint, bicollateral, endarch. Various physico-chemical parameters were established. From the phytochemical screening, the Leaves were found to contain cardenolides, flavonoids, phenolics and sugars, which were estimated by their respective procedures. The present work can serve as a useful tool in the identification, authentication and standardization of the plant material.

Pursuing P.hd in Botany, under the supervision of Prof.P.Ramachandra Reddy, Plant Anatomy and Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Botany, Osmania University. Hyderabad.

Hemidesmus indicus (L.). R. Br. (Syn: Periploca indica (L.)) belongs to the family Asclepiadaceae. It is also known as “Indian sarasaparilla’’ . Leaves are widely recognized in traditional systems of medicine. The leaves are used in diarrhoea, jaundice, rheumatism, redness and burning of eyes. Leaves are simple very variable from ovate to linear-elliptic. The epidermal cells are polygonal-anisodiametric to polygonal linear and few isodiametric. The sides on abaxial are straight to curved and wavy to sinuate in eco-types. In surface the cuticle shows straight to wavy striations. Leaves are amphistomatic with paracytic and tetrcytic stomata.Trichomes are unicellular, uniseriate conical and uniseriate macroform conical hairs also observed on abaxial surface of few eco-types. Epidermis is 1 layered, interupted by stomata. Mesophyll and groundgtissue of midvein are interspersed with prismatic, sphearo and rhomboidal shape of calcium oxalate crystals and taniniferous idioblast cells. The midvein consists of a single arc shaped vascular bundle. The powder microscopic and organoleptic characters are provided. Priliminary phytochemical, HPLC analysis and UV studies were under taken.

Sneha Jagtap received her B. Pharm. from Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat in June 2009 and her M.S. (Pharm) from National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali, India, in June 2011. In august 2011, she joined Ph. D. under supervision of Prof. Kamlesh Kumar Bhutani, Head, Dept. of Natural Products, NIPER, Mohali. She is a fourth year Ph D student working on antiobesity potential of culinary and medicinal plants.

Asian spices have been proved as vast source of bioactives against ills of human body. Present study explores antiobesity activity of Ferula asafoetida and its potential as a functional food. Methanolic extract of Ferula asafeotida resin was subjected to various chromatographic techniques and sesquiterperne coumarin ethers such as Ligupersin A, epi-conferdione, galbanic acid, 10-R-karatavicinol, 5-S-hydroxy umbelliprenin, microlobin, umbelliferone, vanillin and ferulic acid were identified. The extract was evaluated for Anti adipogenic activity using 3T3 L1 preadipocytes (1). Asafoetida extract showed 72.76 ± 3.33 % and 22.79 ± 1.01% lipid accumulation as compared to control at 25 and 50 µg/mL concentrations respectively. Further extract was evaluated for in vivo anti obesity activity using high fat diet rat model (2, 3). Female Spargue Dawley rats were fed with high fat diet for 30 days followed by 2 weeks treatment with asafetida extract at 300 mg/kg. Treatment showed significant decrease in weight gain and no change in food intake. Serum triglyceride level in treatment group was found to be 54.49 ± 5.66 mg/dL as compared to 99.32 ± 7.85 mg/dL in HFD control group. Treatment showed reduced weights of gonadal fat pad, mesenteric fat pad and retroperitoneal fat pad. Conclusion: Methanolic extract of Ferula asafoetida showed weight reducing and anti hyperlipidemic activity.

Gunji venkateswarlu is working as assistant professor in Narasaropeta Institute Of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Narasaraopeta, Guntur(dist). He completed his M.pharmacy in year 2012. Previously he worked as lecturer in Dr.samules Geroge College of pharmaceutical sciences, Markapuram, Prakasam Dist. He has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals. He was very commitment always think for the students of rural back ground

A decoction (hot-water extract) comprised of Triphal churna and ocimum sanctum (leaf) has been reported to prevent chemically-induced hepatocarcinogenic changes in rats and to exert significant cytotoxic effects on human hepatoma (HepG2) cells. However, the decoction used in previous studies to determine cytotoxicity was not standardized. Further, during preparation of pharmaceuticals for clinical use, it is more convenient to use an ethanolic extract. Therefore this study was carried out to (a) develop standardized aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the plant mixture Triphal churna and ocimum sanctum (leaf) used in the preparation of the original decoction,and (b)compare the cytotoxic effects of these two extracts by evaluating cytotoxicity to the human hepatoma (HepG2) cell line. Methods: Aqueous and ethanolic extracts have been standardized by evaluating organoleptic characters, physicochemical properties, qualitative and quantitative analysis of chemical constituents, and analysis of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) profiles. Cytotoxic potentials of the above standardized extracts were compared by evaluating their effects on the survival and overall cell activity of HepG2 cells by use of the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2yl) -2, 5 - biphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Sulphorhodamine B (SRB) assays. Results: Results from MTT and SRB assays demonstrated that both extracts exerted strong dose-dependent in vitro cytotoxicity to HepG2 cells. The standardized aqueous extract showed a marginally (though significantly, P<0.05) higher cyotoxic potential than the ethanolic extract. Conclusion: It may be concluded that results obtained in the present study could be used as a diagnostic tool for the correct identification of these aqueous or ethanolic extracts and would be useful for the preparation of a standardized pharmaceutical product that may be used in the future for clinical therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.

The presenting author N.R. Sneha Keerthi is working as research associate under the able guidance of Prof. Dr. Rajarajeshwari N at VISVESWARAPURA INSTITUTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Science’s. The major research project ICMR, Ad-hok 21/12/17/09HSR dated 24/06/2010. Entitled “Exploration of unexplored medicinal plants from Western Ghat region of Ramghat for their cytotoxic principal and documentation of tribal knowledge from the tribal community located at the base of Ramghat”.

Cosmetics are used extensively throughout the world for maintaining and improving appearance of face and other parts of the body. Numerous chemicals, toxins and microorganisms present in the atmosphere cause damage to skin. Cosmetics, not alone but with association of an active constituent is required to prevent the damage and aging of skin. Herbal cosmetics are the appropriate solution to the current problem. The use of bioactive phytochemicals in variety of formulations serve as cosmetics for skin care and the active herbal constituent influences the biological function of skin and provides nutrients necessary for healthy skin. Using natural extracts in skin protection especially for topical application indicates that they decrease skin aging. Lutol® (lutein) is a plant pigment with a powerful anti-oxidant activity belonging to xanthopyll family of carotenoids. The present work is aimed to develop an anti-aging skin protecting formulation using novel, herbal isolate Lutol® obtained from flower of plant Calendula officinalis and evaluate the formulation for various quality control parameters. The cream was formulated using excipients like stiffening agents, emulsifying agents, humectants, emollients (DUB SSIC), preservatives (Euxyl K 510) along with Lutol®. Quality assessment of cream was carried out by studying the appearance, texture, odour, pH, viscosity, spreadability and antioxidant activity. Also, the formulation was evaluated in healthy human volunteers for skin irritation. The formulation satisfied desired physicochemical properties and found to be non-irritant. It was also stable over a period of 2 months. Thus, a skin protective cream was successfully formulated proving its cosmeceutical potential.

Dhumal Jeevan has completed his M. Pharmacy in Pharmacognosy at the age of 29 years from Savitibai Phule Pune University and pursuing Phd studies from Savitibai Phule Pune University at Amrutwahini college of pharmacy, Sangamner as a research centre. He is Asst.Prof. of Pharmacognosy, in Rajmata Jijau College of Pharmacy, Dudulgaon, Pune. He has published more than 3 papers in reputed journals and presented posters in more than 5 conferences

Aim of the present study was to evaluate the antiasthamatic activity of extract obtained from seeds of the Vigna mungo L Hepper. Supercritical carbon dioxide extract of seeds were prepared. Antiasthamatic activity of SCE was evaluated by using various experimental models like milk induced leucocytosis and eosinophilia, mast cell degranulation in mice, histamine induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs, studies on isolated guinea pig tracheal strip preparation and passive paw anaphylaxis in rats. VMSCE (100mg/kg) and VMSCE (200mg/kg) showed significant inhibition of leucocytosis and eosinophilia induced by milk. VMSCE (200mg/kg) and VMSCE (400mg/kg) showed significant protection against degranulation of mast cells. Study on isolated guinea pig trachea indicated a relaxant effect of VMSCE (2 mg/ml) on histamine-contracted isolated guinea pig tracheal smooth muscles . VMSCF extracts showed dose dependant inhibition of edema inuced in the rat paw. % inhibition of edema in VMSCE (200mg/kg) is 71.19 ± 1.06 and VMSCE (400mg/kg) is 84.5±0.22. VMSCE showed significant antiasthamatic activity in the animal models. It may be due to ability of extract to reduce in lecucocyte and eosinophil count, protection against degranulation of mast cells, relaxation of tracheal smooth muscles. Glycosides , saponins, flavonoids etc present in VMSCE might be responsible for the antiasthamatic activity.

Gilberto Lucio Benedito de Aquino is graduated in Pharmacy from the Federal Fluminense University (1991 ) , master\'s degree in Chemistry from the University of São Paulo ( 1995) and a PhD in Chemistry from the University of São Paulo ( 2000). He is currently Professor of Pharmacy Course and the master\'s program in Molecular Sciences at the State University of Goiás. He has experience in organic chemistry area and Medicinal Chemistry with emphasis in Organic Synthesis , acting on the following topics: Planning and synthesis of bioactive substances , hydroformylation reactions studies, reactions assisted by microwave irradiation , natural products Biotransformation using fungi as biocatalysts .

Lafoensia pacari A. ST-Hil stands out for its therapeutic properties, used as a diaphoretic, healing, anti-inflammatory and analgesic. Among its major active constituents phenolic compounds. Given the need for use of pacari constituents it becomes important to study suitable extraction methods. The extraction assisted by microwave irradiation may be considered a method with high efficiency in extraction of bioactive compounds, having advantages such as lower consumption of reagents and shorter time of extraction. This study aimed to develop an extractive method using as a source of heat radiation in the frequency of microwave. The extraction procedure was conducted by conventional extraction analysis in conjunction with extraction analysis by microwave irradiation with a view to the dosing of phenols, tannins, the method adapted Hagerman and Butler, total flavonoids and method adapted by Rolim et al . 2005. The contents of total phenols, total tannins and flavonoids extracted using conventional extraction were 11.91%, 7.12% and 5.11%, respectively and the extraction by microwave irradiation comprising the track 10, 10 to 14.81%, 7.05 to 9.33%, and 3.90 to 6.96%, respectively. Quantitative analysis of phenols, tannins and flavonoids present in pacari shells, as measured by spectrophotometry in the ultraviolet and visible region extracted by microwave irradiation is equivalent to the conventional method. However it took less time for extraction, reduced sample volume and lower power consumption.

I J.Anantha Lkashmi completed my M.pharm in 2000 from college of pharmaceutical sciences, Manipal. I am working in Srivenkateshwara college of pharmacy since 14 years. I am pursuing my Ph.D almost in completing stage from Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad. I have 7 paper publications in peer reviewed journals.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the Antidepressant, MAO inhibitory and Anti oxidant activity of methanolic and aqueous extract of Celastrus paniculatus willd whole plant. Depression is the most common feature of many individuals in their life time at least once, it may vary from mild to severe. As per WHO, depression is the second major cause of premature death by 2020. Celastus paniculatus woody liana, commonly known as intellect tree and jyothismati. Present study was undertaken to assess the Antidepressant effect of methanolic and aqueous extract of Celastrus whole plant with the doses of 100mg/Kg, 200mg/Kg and 400mg/Kg using Para meters like Behavioral despair test and Tail suspension test. Significant decline in the immobility time (p<0.01) & (P<0.001) was observed with the higher doses on continuous administration of extract for 7 days. The aqueous extract showed higher significance than the methanolic extract. The Antidepressant activity of extract was compared against a standard drug Imipramine (20mg/Kg). To establish the probable mechanism of action as per theories, estimation of 5-HIAA (5-Hydroxy indole acetic acid) and in vivo Antioxidant studies (Rat brain) were performed. 5-HIAA levels were compared with standard Moclobemide (100mg/Kg) anti oxidant studies were compared with the standard Mentat (200mg/Kg). Significant decrease in the 5-HIAA levels and increased antioxidant activity was observed. The results of the study indicated the potential use of this extract in the treatment of depression.

Surendar Arulmani is doing his B Pharmacy at JSS University, Mysore, JSS College of Pharmacy, Udhagamandalam.

Many pathogenic bacteria and fungi produce potentially deadly toxins that cause cytotoxicity or impaired cellular function either at the site of colonization or other positions in the body through receptor-mediated interactions. Several agents, including biotic and abiotic environments, competing microbes, and chemical cues affect toxin expression in these pathogens. Recent study indicates that various natural compounds can modulate toxin production in pathogenic microbes. Five different successive fractions of the bark of cinnamon were prepared using petether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, Etahnol and water using cold maceration. All the fractions were taken against various bacteria, such as Bacilus subtilis NCIM – 2545, Escherichia coli NCIM – 2493, Staphylococcus aureus NCIM – 5021, Klebsiella pneumoniae NCIM – 2706, Staphylococcus epidermidis NCIM – 2493, Shigella NCIM – 5288, Micrococcus luteus NCIM – 2169. Then the result was compared with normal growth curve of individual bacteria. Changes in logarithmic phase and stationary phase of growth of bacteria, was observed. The comparison of growth patterns of extract treated and untreated with various microbial stains showed that the pace of development by extract is approximately 30 – 40% more capital than that of untreated.

Sheetal Oholkar is pursuing B.pharmacy last year from Govt. College of pharmacy, India

Trichodesma indica (Boraginaceae) aerial parts is commonly used in the traditional systems of medicine against various ailments like urinary tract disorders, skin irritations, worm disturbances, as a component in health tonic preparation etc.The present study gives first insight of anti-microbial, anthelmintic, anti-oxidant properties and preliminary phytochemical analysis of the aerial parts of Trichodesma indica. All the analysis was done according to standard protocols. The ethanolic extract produced significant anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anthelmintic properties in a dose-dependent manner. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, tannins and phenols that may be the reason for its biological properties. This paper reporting the medicinal property of Trichodesma indica aerial parts and the further procedures of identification and isolation of active principles are in progress.

Mamta Deshmukh persuing B.pharmacy last year from Govt. College of pharmacy,A’bad.we were participated in poster competition in NPW,2015

Trichodesma indica (Boraginaceae) aerial parts is commonly used in the traditional systems of medicine against various ailments like urinary tract disorders, skin irritations, worm disturbances, as a component in health tonic preparation etc. The present study gives first insight of anti-microbial, anthelmintic, anti-oxidant properties and preliminary phytochemical analysis of the aerial parts of Trichodesma indica. All the analysis was done according to standard protocols. The ethanolic extract produced significant anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anthelmintic properties in a dose-dependent manner. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, tannins and phenols that may be the reason for its biological properties. This paper reporting the medicinal property of Trichodesma indica aerial parts and the further procedures of identification and isolation of active principles are in progress.

Ethnopharmacology is a multidisciplinary study of biological agents used in traditional medicine. It correlates ethnic groups, their health, physical habits and methodology in creating and using medicines. From time immemorial humans have used various materials that nature provided in the form of flora, fauna, minerals. An impressive number of modern drugs have been isolated from natural sources, many of which were used as traditional medicines. Medicinal folklore has proved to be an invaluable guide in drug screening. Many modern drugs like digitoxin, aspirin, atropine, tubocurarine are proof for this concept. Ethnobotanical and phytochemical studies of these plants should be done promptly as loss of language and traditional knowledge due to habitat destruction and acculturation among vulnerable tribes and indigenous group is a major concern particularly in developing countries under pressures of modernization. This review aims to point out the essence of ethnopharmacology, how it is different from Pharmacognosy, role of physicians in ethnopharmacology and drug discovery, the concept of bioprospecting and the various ethical issues concerning ethnopharmacology.

Ethnopharmacology is a multidisciplinary study of biological agents used in traditional medicine. It correlates ethnic groups, their health, physical habits and methodology in creating and using medicines. From time immemorial humans have used various materials that nature provided in the form of flora, fauna, minerals. An impressive number of modern drugs have been isolated from natural sources, many of which were used as traditional medicines. Medicinal folklore has proved to be an invaluable guide in drug screening. Many modern drugs like digitoxin, aspirin, atropine, tubocurarine are proof for this concept. Ethnobotanical and phytochemical studies of these plants should be done promptly as loss of language and traditional knowledge due to habitat destruction and acculturation among vulnerable tribes and indigenous group is a major concern particularly in developing countries under pressures of modernization. This review aims to point out the essence of ethnopharmacology, how it is different from Pharmacognosy, role of physicians in ethnopharmacology and drug discovery, the concept of bioprospecting and the various ethical issues concerning ethnopharmacology.

Ms. Naumita Shah is perusing her Ph. D. from Gujarat University and completed her M.Sc. Cell and Molecular Biology from the same university. She is a DST INSPIRE Fellow in Gujarat University, Ahmedabad.

One of the cause for neurodegenerative diseases is apoptosis of neuronal cells due to oxidative stress and modulating it by plant product having antioxidant properties is an emerging therapeutic mode. Celastrus peniculatus (CP) has long been used in our Ayurveda due to its antioxidant property as a traditional herbal medicine to relieve symptoms associated with neurological ailments such as vertigo, general paralysis, epilepsy etc. In this study, we have investigated the free radical scavenging capacity of Methanolic Extract (ME), Ethanolic Extract (EE), Petroleum ether Extract (PE) and commercially available CP seed Oil (CPO) by DPPH assay, ABTS assay and NO scavenging assay. Moreover, we also studied the cytotoxic effect of Glutamate (the important neurotransmitter whose increased concentration is responsible for excitotoxicity) as well as ameliorative effect of CP extracts and CPO on IMR-32 cells with the help of MTT assay. Result revealed that the data of inhibition concentration of DPPH, ABTS and NO scavenging assay was comparable. It also depicted that EE showed higher free radical scavenging capacity at lower concentration among different extracts and CPO. The results of dose dependent neuroprotection study of different extracts against toxicity induced by glutamate in IMR-32 cells revealed significant protection in MTT assay. Moreover, it also indicate that at lower concentration EE effectively inhibited the cytotoxicity caused by Glutamate and improve cell viability in IMR-32 cells as compared to ME, PE and CPO. Hence among various CP extracts and CPO the ethanolic extract can be used as a potential candidate for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

Dr Sabreen Bashir, completed MBBS from Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Bellur, Karnataka. Currently pursuing MD in pharmacology from JSS Medical College, Mysore, Research projects include basic research in drug repositioning & has completed 3 studies till now regarding novel treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. Has 3 publications to the credit & presented 2 posters in different Conferences.

Pimpinella anisum, commonly known as Anise has been used in traditional medicines as an anti-asthmatic, anticonvulsant, diuretic, digestive and in gynaecological disorders. Pre-clinical studies have revealed some pharmacological properties like anti-bacterial, fungicidal, anti-convulsant, anti-spasmodic, expectorant & anti-oxidant activity of Pimpinella & its constituents. However its effect on urine excretion has shown inconsistent results. To evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Pimpinella anisum fruit on urine volume & urinary electrolyte concentration. Albino Wistar rats weighing 220 to 250 grams were divided into 6 groups (n=6). The Experiment was conducted in 2 parts. The test compound was administered to two test groups for a period of five days in the concentration of 500mg/kg body weight. The other two groups constituted the control group which received distilled water in dose of 5ml/kg body weight. The remaining two groups were constituted by the standard group which received vasopressin in dose of 4 IU intra-peritoneally, on the day of experiment. In first part of the experiment, on day 5, uniform saline loading of 25ml/kg body weight was done in three groups of rats prior to estimation of the different parameters. In second part, Uniform water loading of 25ml/kg body weight was done to the remaining three groups prior to measuring various parameters. Diuresis was induced in all 6 groups of animal by frusemide in the dose of 20mg/kg body wt orally, before placing the animals in diuretic cages. Food and water was withheld during the course of experiment for 5 hours. At the end of 5 hours urine volume was measured & collected for electrolyte estimation. Significant reduction in volume of urine was observed in both test groups (saline & water loading) when compared to respective control animals. Concentration of urine electrolytes increased in both test groups in comparison to control, suggesting anti-diuretic activity of the test compound. Aqueous extract of Pimpinella anisum showed significant anti-diuretic effect. However, further studies are warranted with different doses of the extract, duration of the study, to determine the conclusive results.

Mr. Kishor Danao, as Assistant professor at Dadasaheb Balpande college of pharmacy, Nagpur, Maharashtra, has six year experience in academic. He had published one book, two international papers and five national papers. He has head of department of pharmaceutical chemistry. He had attended two international and five national conferences and also attended one faculty development program organized at Baroda, Gujrat, India.

The present study was carried out with an objective to investigate the antibacterial potentials of methanol and water extracts of the root of Elephantopus scaber Linn. Methodology: The antibacterial activity is determined by zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against some bacterial stains. Disc diffusion technique was used to determine in-vitro antibacterial. In addition, Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by broth dilution method.The different solvent extracts showed concentration dependent antibacterial activities against four gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus cereus) and four gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhi) bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against the tested Gram-positive bacteria ranged from 50 to 500 μg/ml and against Gram-negative bacteria from 100 to 500 μg/ml.

Pallavi M Kamath has completed MBBS from AJ Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalore and is currently pursuing Post Graduate course in MD Pharmacology at JJM Medical College Davangere, Karnataka.

Let Food be the medicine and medicine be food”- said the great Greek physician Hippocrates. This is the era of organic foods and health conscious end users, who are constantly seeking minimally processed foods. This is were the idea of Nutraceutical come into picture. Nutraceutics encompasses a wide range of products including dietary supplements, isolated nutrients, designer foods and herbal products. Food or food products provide health and medical benefits including prevention and treatment of disease. In the current scenario the end users will be more receptive for natural food as medicine than drugs. Many pharmaceutical companies are interested in the vast potential market value of nutraceutics. The Global Market for Nutraceuticals is projected to reach $241.1 Billion by 2019, growing at 7% CAGR. The exponential growth in ever expanding nutraceutical market is an evidence of this trend. This can be a double edged sword as as rules and regulations for nutraceuticals fall under the grey zone ie the rules and regulations that apply to drugs or food do not apply for it. This can be exploited by the pharmaceutical companies to their advantage as there is minimal investment in releasing a nutraceutical into the market than a new drug development. So this review aims to highlight the current trends and challenges the policy makers should be concerned about, as nutraceutics is a phenomenon and it is trending now.

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Reinvestigation of the biologically active ethyl acetate and butanol extracts of the aerial Parts of Carissa edulis afforded 3-O-acetyl chlorogenic acid (I), along with four known flavonol glucosides Including, kaempferol 3-O-b-D glucopyranoside (II), quercetin-3-O-b-D glucopyranoside (III), rhamnetin-3-O-b-D glucopyranoside (IV) and isorhamnetin-3-O-b-D-glucopyranoside (V) from ethyl acetate fraction. Isorhamnetin-3-O-b-D-glucopyranoside-(200fi100 0)-rhamnopyranoside (VI), Caredulis, 1-{1-[2-(2 hydroxypropoxy) propoxy] propan-2-yloxy} propan-2-ol (VII) and (+) butyl-O-a-L-rhamnoside (VIII) were isolated from butanol fraction. Characterization of these Compounds was achieved by various spectroscopic methods (UV, MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, COSY, HSQC and HMBC) and through comparison with published data. Compounds I–VIII were isolated from C. edulis for the first time, while compounds VII and VIII were isolated for the first time from Nature.

Sunita Dahiya is Ph.D from Gautam Budh Technical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh and presently serving Globus College of Pharmacy, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh in capacity of HOD and Professor of Pharmaceutics. She has published 25 articles in journals of national and international repute and member of various professional bodies including APP, IPA, APTI, IPGA, IHPA, ICCE etc. Presently, she is executive editor of international peer-reviewed journal ‘Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Research’ and secretary of the ‘Association of Pharmacy Professionals

Polymers are the most important excipients that affect and control a wide range of properties of any pharmaceutical formulation. Semi synthetic and synthetic polymers found broad scope in controlled drug delivery systems and polymers such as hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, pectin, carrageenan and guar gum have wide application in the pharmaceutical industry. But, while selecting polymers, its toxicity, drug compatibility and degradation pattern must be considered for safe and effective drug delivery. Nowadays, due to many problems associated with drug release and side effects, manufacturers are inclined towards using natural polymers. Natural/herbal polymers are basically polysaccharides so they are biocompatible and without any side effects. The authors address and discuss about various natural/herbal polymers, their merits over synthetic polymers and their role in designing controlled drug delivery systems.

Rajalekshmi M has completed M Pharm - Pharmaceutical chemistry from Nitte University in 2009 and pursuing Phd in phytochemistry from Manipal University. She has worked as Research officer at SDM centre for research in Ayurveda and Allied sciences for more than 2 years. She has published 7 papers in reputed journals.

Sansevieria roxburghiana Schult. &Schult. f. belongs to Asparagaceae family, commonly known as Indian bowstring hemp, is a herbaceous perennial plant with short fleshy stem and stout root stock, occurring in the eastern coastal region of India, also in Sri Lanka, Indonesia and tropical Africa. The whole plant is traditionally used as cardio tonic, expectorant, febrifuge, purgative, in glandular enlargement and in rheumatism. The rhizomes are mucilaginous and used in consumptive complaints, long lasting chronic persistent coughs, cold and in ear pain. The present study is aimed to standardize the rhizomes of Sansevieria roxburghiana using standard methods. Macroscopy, microscopy, physico-chemical and phytochemical analysis and HPTLC finger printing of the plant material has been performed by standard methodologies outlined in API and WHO. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the plant revealed the presence of carbohydrates, steroids, saponins, flavonoids, phenols and proteins. The percentage of total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash, loss on drying, alcohol soluble extractive and water soluble extractive of Sansevieria roxbughiana were found to be 12.32±0.27, 1.85±0.27, 4.83±0.05, 13.94±0.17, 16.06±0.44 and 37.89±0.41 respectively. Standardization of herbal material becoming a vital role in the development of herbal drug formulation. The results obtained from this study can be used to standardize rhizomes of Sansevieria roxburghiana.

Pradeep has completed his MBBS from JJM Medical College, Davangere, under Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore and is currently doing post-graduation from the same academic institution. Currently he is actively involved in many research activities as his academic interest.

Immunomodulation is alteration of the immune response to a desired level either by increasing immune responsiveness - immunostimulation or by decreasing responsiveness - immunosuppression. Immunomodulators are useful in auto-immune diseases, allergic conditions, cancers, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, etc. Currently available immunomodulators – synthetic, natural and recombinant ones are not 100% effective and have limitations and toxicities. The plant kingdom has been a rich of source of drugs in traditional medicine. A large number of medicinal plants included in Rasayanas are known to promote health by strengthening host defences against various diseases. Taking a cue from traditional medicine, extracts from these plants have been investigated pharmacologically for immunomodulatory activity. Some of the plants with showed immunomodulatory activity are Viscum album, Panax ginseng, Asparagus racemosus, Azadirachta indica, Tinospora cordifolia, Polygala senega, Ocimum sanctum, Withania somnifera among others. Immunostimulatory activity has been reported in a number of Ayurvedic plants like Withania somnifera, Argyreia speciosa, Tridax procumbens, Ficus benghalensi, Actinidia macrosperma and Tinospora cordifolia.These botanicals produce a diverse range of natural compounds including isoflavonoids, indoles, phytosterols, polysaccharides, sesquiterpenes, alkaloids, glucans and tannins. These compounds target various objects of the immune system with potential antimicrobial and immunomodulating action. The tannins from the neem plant(Azadirachta indica) shows immunosuppressant activity; the saponins from the Tulsi plant (Ocimum sanctum) shows immunomodulatory activity; Curcumin from the turmeric plant (Curcuma longa) shows immunosuppressant activity and herbs and shrubs from the Astragalus genus contain coumarin and ferulic-acid showing immunostimulant activity. Thus herbal products have become an important source for bioprospecting of potential immunodrugs.

Picheswara rao Polu, completed his M-pharm from Manipal University and presently pursuing Ph.D in Manipal college of pharmaceutical sciences, Manipal Uiniversity. He has 2 yeras of experience in the Herbal Indusry and got the experience in Isolation and purification of phtoconstituents, QC of Herbal materials, Herbal neutraceuticals and formulation etc. He has the 2 pubications in the reputated journals.

According to Ayurveda, Tinosopra cordifola Miers (Menispermaceae) used as a rejuvenator in folk medicine and it also routinely prescribed to treat fever, diabeteis etc. The aim of our study was to evaluate the anticancer activity of ethanolic extract and its fractions of T.cordifolia and an attempt was made to standardize the active fraction by using HPTLC as a tool of analysis. Dried stem material was extracted with ethanol (TCE) and partitioned with petroleum ether (TCP), dichoromethane (TCD), butanol (TCB) and water successively (TCA) and screened for cytotoxicity on different cancer cell lines like BT549 and HCT -116 by MTT and SRB assays in in vitro. We also detected the β-sitosterol and berberine contents in the active fraction by HPTLC. The results demonstrate that TCD and TCE shown potent cytotoxicity against BT-549 with an IC50 of 36.5 μg/ml (TCD) and 101.24 μg/ml (TCE), by SRB assay, and 28.35 μg/ml (TCD) and 108.64 μg/ml (TCE), by MTT assay whereas, HCT-116 shown an IC50 of 31.3 μg/ml (TCD) and 86.4 μg/ml (TCE), by SRB assay, and 37.2 μg/ml (TCD) and 94.64 μg/ml (TCE), by MTT assay. The other fractions didn’t shown significant cytotoxicityin any cell lines. HPTLC results of β-sitosterol and berberine content in various extracts indicated, the TCD to contain the highest concentration of β-sitosterol (0.43% w/w) and berberine (0.98% w/w). Our findings demonstrate that dichloromethane and ethanolic extract of T.cordifolia shows promising anticancer activity and has the potential to be developed into a therapeutic option for the treatment of cancer.

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Actinomycetes are the most economically and biotechnologically valuable prokaryotes which produce a wide array of bioactive secondary metabolites. As marine environmental conditions are extremely different from terrestrial ones, it is surmised that marine actinomycetes might produce novel bioactive compounds. Hence marine sediments, collected and were screened. The antibacterial properties of the 12 actinomycetes isolated from hyper saline soils were determined by cross steak plate method and agar well diffusion methods against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. The most active Isolates ISA6, ISA8 and ISA11were subjected to solid state fermentation. Anti- metabolites in the fermentation broth was extracted with hexane, benzene and ethyl acetate. From each extract three fractions were collected using methanol and chloroform (80:20; 50:50; 20:80). Bioautography is a technique that combines thin layer chromatography with bioassay in situ. Bioautography based detection of antibacterial activity indicated that isolate ISA6 and ISA8 solvent fractions were active against gram positive and isolate ISA11 solvent fractions were active against gram negative bacteria. The spectral analysis of all the fractions showed maximum absorption ranged from 295- 400nm.

Chinmay Rath has completed his PhD from Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Dr Rath Attended more than 30 Seminars/Symposium/Work-Shops (National / International), Participated and Organized exhibits in 6 Arogya Melas and published more than 10 articles in reputed journals of both national and international level. Contributed as a contributor/ member of editorial board in several books / monographs of CCRAS. He was also the Member of Core Committee in the successful organization of “First International Day of Yoga” Celebrated on 21 june 2015 at Rajpath

Ayurveda the ‘ancient science of life’ is one of the ancient systems of medicine of the world. The vast knowledge of medicinal plants is still not very much significant due to improper written documents. There is a group of 8 plant mentioned in classical text as Astavarga which is considered as the group of some rare plants from the Himalaya, however there is a good deal of uncertainty of the botanical identity of these plant. One of the important plant of this group is Kakoli (Roscea purpurea Smith) of Family Zingiberaceae which is mentioned as an important drug of Astavarga however its botanical identity is controversial and there are several drugs which are sold/ used in the name of Kakoli. This leads to a problematic situation as the drug mentioned in the classics is not used by the manufacturers due to less availability. Therefore an attempt has been made to evaluate the authenticity of the Kakoli (Roscea purpurea Smith) through pharmacognostical, physico-chemical and HPTLC studies. The plant material was collected from the western Himalayan region and the results of the pharmacognostic study revealed the specific organoleptic properties of the plant, presence of some specific cellular/histological characters viz. multiseriate medullary rays, ovoid to ellipsoidal starch grains etc. The phyto-constituents present in the plant were also evaluated by HPTLC.

Mohammed Sibgatullah, is a post graduate in Pharmacology in JSS Medical College Mysore. Research fields include basic research in fields of Diabetes, Asthma, and Diuretics. Have 9 publications till date.

Objective: To evaluate anticoagulant activity of aqueous extract of fruits of tomato plant in albino rats. Background: The tomato is the edible, often red fruit/berry of the nightshade Solanum lycopersicum. The tomato is consumed in diverse ways, including raw, as an ingredient in many dishes, sauces, salads, and drinks. The fruits are rich in oxalic acid which binds to calcium and may alter the coagulation pathway. Our study evaluated the effect of aqueous extract of tomato on the coagulation time. Methodology: 2 groups of 6 rats each were used for the study. The first group i.e the control group received distilled water in dose of 10ml/kg body weight along with standard diet and water ad libitum. The second group received 2000mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of tomatoes for a period of 5 days. One hour after administration of respective drugs, blood was collected in the capillary tub after tail vein puncture. The clotting time was determined in respective groups by capillary tube method. Results: Clotting time was significantly increased in the test group which received the aqueous extract of tomatoes. The P value was significant in the test group when compared to the control. Conclusion: Aqueous extract of tomato fruits have significant anti coagulant profile. Further studies are required to correlate the amount of oxalic acid in the diet which may alter the clotting time by virtue of its property to bind to calcium which is important co factor in coagulation pathway.

R.Ramasubramania raja has completed M.Pharm (Phytomedicine and Phytopharmacy) at SASTRA Univeristy, Tamilnadu. He is the Asst.Professor of Narayana Pharmacy College, Nellore. He has published more than 28 papers in reputed national and international journals.

Microscopical characters of Mentha arvensis and Solanum xanthocarpum leaves were screened. The different ratio of the cold macerated hydro alcoholic standardized dry extract of Solanum xanthocarpum (8:1), Mentha arvensis (3:1), were analysed the test of Phytochemical analysis,Total flavonoids, Poly phenol content and Anti oxidant screening by DPPH method. Microscopical characters of the leaves of Mentha arvensis and Solanum xanthocarpum were screened by transverse section techniques by using microtome. The both leaves hydro alcoholic extracts phytochemical screening by colour reaction based, the total flavonoids and poly phenol content by spectroscopic method. DPPH method used to perform the Anti oxidant potential. The both the leaves lamina and mid rib region presenting the cellular components like parenchyma, collenchyma, vascular bundles, trichomes, types of stomata, calcium oxalate crystals were analyzed. Phytochemical analysis is based on the colour reaction present in flavonoids, phenolic groups, tannins and tri terpenes both the plant extracts. Mentha arvensis hydro alcoholic extract more percentage of total flavonoids (479 ± 66) and phenolic content (936 ± 71) with solanum xanthocarpum. The antioxidant potential also 92.8 % of hydro alcoholic extract of Menthe arvensis. Microscopical characters were clearly screened for future analysis, Estimation results were showed the Mentha arvensis potential active constituents of phenolic and flavnoid content. One more advantage the Antioxidant potential support to this plant.

Roshni Thapa has completed her Masters in pharmaceutics at the age of 23 from Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India. She is currently working as a Lecturer in Department of Pharmacy, School of scinece , Kathmandu University, Nepal.

Over the past several years, great advances have been made on development of novel drug delivery systems for plant actives and extracts. The variety of novel herbal formulations like polymeric nanoparticles, nanocapsules, liposomes, phytosomes, nanoemulsions, microsphere, transferosomes and ethsomes have been reported using bioactives and plant extracts. The novel formulations are reported to have remarkable advantages over conventional formulations which include enhancement of solubility, bioavailability, enhancement of pharmacological activity, improved stability, sustained delivery and protection from physical and chemical degradation. The present work highlights the pharmacological evaluation of methanolic extract of Lactuca sativa which includes anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic anti-microbial action along with anti-oxidant property and hence development of microsphere loaded topical gel to achieve sustained release anti-inflammatory action. The study includes formulation design and development of microsphere by sonication and solvent evaporation techniques. The effect of surfactant and varying polymeric concentrations were the variables used for optimization of formulation and their effect on entrapment efficiency of microsphere as well as drug release from the formulation were analyased using MINITAB 16. The optimized formulation was loaded into gel for topical application which was subjected to ex-vivo permeability study and biological activity was assessed in animal model. The results of final formulation were compared to standard marketed preparation and methanolic extract of the plant. It was concluded that Lactuca sativa possesses potent anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anxiolytic and anti-oxidant properties.

Dr Bharti Ahirwar completed her PhD from Guru Ghasidas Vishwadiyalaya, Bilaspur (CG). Dr Bharti Ahirwar is Associate Professor, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwadiyalaya, Bilaspur (CG). She has published more than 45 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of repute.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease causes airway narrowing which associated with changes in the level of various inflammatory cells. Main object of this paper is to evaluate antiasthmatic potential of sitopaladi churn, a popular Ayurvedic herbal drug in India. The LD50 value of lyophilised aqueous extract in Swiss mice was 2000 mg/kg body weight. Trachea chain and rat stomach strip was suspended in organ bath containing Kreb’s solution at 37 ± 0.5 °C with aeration. Histamine induced contraction on trachea and stomach strip with and without Sitopaladi churna extract was recorded. Results showed that sitopaladi churna extract significantly blocked the effects of histamine induced contraction on guinea pig tracheal chain and rat stomach strip in dose related manner. In egg albumin induced paw odema, extract produced significant antiinflammatory effect in rats. These results highlight the antiasthmatic potential of sitopaladi churna may be due to bronchodialating the smooth muscle and antihistaminic nature of extract.

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Medicinal plants are well-known natural sources of remedies used in the treatment of innumerable diseases since antiquity. The search for newer synthetic drugs is of immense importance due to the increasing development of resistance. Antioxidant assay is a very useful technique in identifying plants which contain antioxidants which are substances that delay or inhibits oxidative damage to a target molecule thereby preventing the occurrence of degenerative diseases. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the methanolic leaf extract of Argemone mexicana Linn (Papaveraceae). Antimicrobial assay was carried out against four bacterial strains and three fungi strains using the agar well diffusion method. The formation of a clear zone of inhibition was observed and measured and compared with that of the standard. Antioxidant assay was carried out using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity. The absorbance was read at 517nm. Thin layer chromatography was carried out using different solvents systems. The result of this study indicates that the leaf extract of A.mexicana was able to inhibit the growth of micro-organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus by the formation of a clear zone of inhibition. In the phytochemical screening, the plant tested positive for phenols, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, resins, saponins and carbohydrates. The results of the antioxidant assay indicate that the extract has a high percentage inhibition as compared with the standard and thin layer chromatography was performed to attempt isolation of the constituents of the extract. Also, it possesses antioxidant activities useful in fighting of free radicals which can cause cell damage, and it contains constituents such as alkaloids, tannins, phenols, flavonoids, resins which can be separated using thin layer chromatography.

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The chemical composition of volatile aroma compounds was determined in four samples of mountain tea (Sideritis raeseri), collected from four different localities in National Park Galichica in R. Macedonia on 2012 and 2013. Two types of plant material of each sample were analyzed: fresh flowering stems (homogenized samples from flower, leaf and stem) (F-S) and the fresh rosette leaves (F-RL). The analyses were made by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC/FID/MS) on HP5-ms column and equipped with automated headspace system with heated syringe (HS) sampler. 0.3 g of fresh plant material was put in sealed vials, heated (5 minutes, 80 oC) and the gas phase was investigated. Total of thirtytwo individual components (15 monoterpenes representing 78.66-93.65% and 17 sesquiterpenes representing 3.97-20.10% of the entire volatiles) were identified as aroma components in F-S samples. The predominant components in all samples were β-pinene, α–pinene, δ-3-carene, limonene, α-сopaene and trans-сaryophyllene. In the F-RL samples of S. raeseri, 27 individual components were identified, 12 monoterpenes (51.90-87.08%) and 15 sesquiterpenes (7.22-46.59%). Prevailing components in all tested F-RL samples were β-pinene, α-pinene, limonene, α-сopaene, trans-сaryophyllene, germacrene D and δ-cadinene. There was almost no difference in the chemical profiles of the aroma compounds between F-S and F-RL. Fresh rosette leaves exhibit very similar aroma compounds profile with the flowering stems of Sideritis raeseri.

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The essential oils from the 10 medicinal and aromatic plants were extracted by hydro-distillation. The essential oils were evaluated against some microorganism using disc diffusion method . The essential oils revealed degree of activity against the test microorganisms namely Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albican. Among the essential oils evaluated, essential oils from Vigna unguiculata showed activity against all the tested microorganisms except B. Subtilis with minimum inhibition concentration of 75cm. Piliostigma reticulatum Hochst essential oil showed activity against S. aureus, E. Coli, P. aeruginosa, C. albican with minimum inhibition of 100 each. Sesamum alatum thoning showed activity against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and P. mirabilis with minimu concentration of 100 each. The activities of the essential oils against the tested organisms may be responsible for the therapeutic use of the plants by the traditional healers.

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Antimicrobial activity of the essential oils obtained from vegetative herb, flowering herb and the seeds of Anethum graveolens was determined against eight microorganisms using the disk diffusion assay test as well as measuring minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against diverse type of microorganisms including gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The results showed that the tested dill oils exhibited strong and a variable degree of antimicrobial activity against all of the tested microorganisms. The essential oils compositions were analyzed and determined by GC. The main components of the vegetative herb essential oils were α-phellandrene (46.33%), limonene (13.72%), β-phellandrene (11.01%) and p-cymene (17.88%). p-cymene (33.42%), carvone (13.10%) and dillether (19.63%)were the main components of the flowering herb, whereas, carvone (62.48%), dillapiole (19.51%) and limonene (14.61%) were identified as the major compounds in seed essential oil.

Irene Perea, Ph.D., is professor of Plant Biotechnology in the Center of Biotechnology, of Autonomous University of the State of Morelos (UAEM), in Mexico. Her current research interests include molecular biology and medicinal plant biotechnology, with current projects focusing on applications of plant tissue culture for the high production of bioactive plant metabolites. She is also involved in screening plant extracts for anti-cancer, anti-hypertensive and anti-diabetic activities. Another field of research is use of biotechnology tools for conservation the genetic diversity and use of rare and threatened plant species from Mexico.

Swietenia humilis Zucc., a timber specie that traditionally has been used to treat diabetes mellitus (seed and bark) in Mexico. S. humilis, is considered an endangered species due to its overexploitation for commercial use, slow growth rate and scattered population. In vitro cultures techniques such as somatic embryogenesis will allow the mass propagation of abundant plant material and could be the basis to establish a micropropagation protocol potentially useful in conservation programs and the study of bioactive compounds. The main objective of this project was the induction of somatic embryos of S. humilis and to compare the antidiabetic activity between in vitro propagated and wild plant. The effect of phytohormones 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and kinetin were evaluated in the morphogenesis of S. humilis in different explants. It was used as primary explants immature zygotic embryos, immature and mature seeds. These explants were cultured in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with nutrients to promote the formation of somatic embryos and were incubated in darkness at a temperature of 25+2 °C. Our results showed that the treatments of 2,4-D (1 mg L-1 or 4 mg L-1) – kinetin (0.5 mg L-promoted the formation of somatic embryos. A preliminary phytochemical screening of dichloromethane and methanolic extracts indicated the presence of the following compounds: alkaloids, coumarins, cardiotonic and flavonoids in all extracts; also the presence of saponins, terpenes and tannins in some extracts. Pharmacological studies of these extracts in mouse model of non-insulin-dependent-diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) showed an antidiabetic activity compared with glibenclamide.

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Dermatophytes are a scientific label for a group of three genera (Microsporum, Epidermophyton and Trichophyton) of fungus that causes skin disease in animals and humans. Conventional methods for identification of these fungi are rapid and simple but are not accurate comparing to molecular methods. Objective: This study aimed to isolate human pathogenic dermatophytes which cause dermatophytosis in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia and to identify these fungi by using conventional and molecular methods. Methods: The study was conducted in Medical Complex, Riyadh and King Saud University. Samples of infected skin, hairs and nails were collected from 112 patients. Diagnosis of skin infections, direct microscopic test, isolation and identification of dermatophytes by conventional and molecular methods were carried out. Results: The results indicated that the tinea capitis infection had the highest prevalence among the patients (22.3%) while Tinea barbae had the lowest. In this study the identified dermatophyte isolates belong to nine species as Trichophyton violaceum, Trichophyton verrucosum, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton schoenleinii, Trichophyton concentricum,

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In Uganda, malaria is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. This is due to resistance of the parasite to the cheap and available antimalarials. The cost of the effective treatment is also very high and cannot be afforded by most people. The need for alternatives is therefore of utmost importance. 80% of the population depend on herbal medicines for the treatment of various diseases including malaria but most of these herbs have not been checked for their efficacy, safety and chemical constituents and this limits their wider use and development into drugs. As part of our search for biologically active compounds, a plant, Neoboutonia macrocalyx which is used by the people in south western Uganda around Kibale National Park in the treatment of malaria was selected for this research. Phytochemical investigation on the leaves of this plant led to the isolation of nine new cycloartane triterpenes and one phenanthrene; 7-methoxy-2,8 dimethyl-9,10-dihydrophenantherene-3,6 diol along with three known compounds which included 22-de-O-acetyl-26-deoxyneoboutomellerone, mellerin B and 6-hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one. The chemical structures of the compounds were established mainly through a combination of spectroscopic techniques. The isolated compounds were evaluated for antiplasmodial activity against the chloroquine-resistant FcB1/Colombia strain of Plasmodium falciparum and for cytotoxicity against the KB (nasopharyngeal epidermoid carcinoma) and MRC-5 (human diploid embryonic lung) cells. Seven out of 13 compounds exhibited good antiplasmodial activity with IC50 of ≤ 5μg/ml with two compounds exhibiting low cytotoxicity and five compounds having significant cytotoxicity. The identification of antiplasmodial compounds from this plant suggests that they may play a role in the medicinal properties of this plant and the new compounds could serve as leads to the development of new drugs for malaria. The identified compounds could be used as markers in the standardisation of the herbal medicine from N. macrocalyx.

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Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death among infectious diseases with third of the world’s population being infected and 9.2 million new cases recorded each year (WHO 2007). This devastating situation has steadily worsened, exacerbated by the emergence of drug-resistant strains (MDR and XDR) and HIV co infection.Available treatment regimens are lengthy and complex, inviting problems of non-adherence, inadequate response and in the case of MDR TB, second line drugs used are more toxic and expensive.There is need for new leads that can be developed in to new drugs. OBJECTIVES: I) To document plant species commonly used by traditional medicine practitioners to treat TB 2)To determine the minimum inhibitoryconcentration of selected plant species on MDR TB METHODS: included use of a guided questionnaire for the first objective and then microtiterAlamar Blue Assay (MABA) for the second objective. RESULTS: A total of 90 plant species, distributed within 43 families were documented in this study. TMPs had knowledge of how TB is transmitted and they admitted that it is closely associated with HIV. Five plants were tested for Antimycobacterial activity on multidrug resistant strainsusing the MicrotitreAlamar Blue Assay. Of the five species tested, Zanthoxylumspp and Callistemon spp showed the highest activity with MICs of 0.128333mg/ml and 0.195mg/mlon the Isoniazid resistant strain respectively while Callistemonspp had an MIC of 0.158333mg/ml on the Rifampicin resistant strain.Piptadenistrumafricanum and Blighiaunijugata were not active on any of the strains. CONCLUSION: The plant species that were mentioned most by the Traditional Medicine Practitioners showed activity not only on the pan sensitive strains of TB but also on the multidrug resistant strains. These could be developed into drugs for the treatment of MDR TB.

Mantu kumar satyam complete smu-de university , syndicate house ,manipal ,state Karnatak, country- india. Success ful complete of master thessis award role of national human right commission new delhi,india protection of human rights in india have complete from indian institute of human rights ,a-50,paryavaran complex ,saket madaingarhi marg, ,new delhi,110030,india session-2012-14) under the complete of my 2 years post graduate diploma human rights complete from indian institute of human rights ,a-50,paryavarancomplex ,saket madaingarhi marg, New delhi, 110030, india , country-india(session 2012-14)

In important about large number/major food /spice of ayurveda vata ,pitta ,cough doshas relation have clear define under modern biology , cell biology effect of chemicals/compound separate of food. But problem some food of fine mixture of compound of food have how define / formulate it. about its have understand in homeopathy of mixture of some particular medicine with,after ,before as immediate 3 to 4 minute different have to take bad effect not useful effect.therefore have to consider in ayurveda vata dosh of the food mixture of chemical compound concept in fine effect on body ,whats effect? its give the resultant of vata dosh,pita dosh and cough dosh.

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Antioxidants reduce the oxidative stress in cells and are therefore useful in the treatment of many human diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory and infectious diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antioxidant and antifungal activity and chemical analysis of extracts of some medicinal plants. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and ORAC assay. Micro dilution method were used for antifungal activity evaluation and nystatin as positive control, chemical composition was determined by colorimetric analysis, phytochemical screening and Phenolic profil (Total phenolic content and total flavonoids content) . The EC50 of different extracts were arranged between 12.96 and 639.20 µg/ml. The extract showed the lower antifungal activity with MIC range from 1.87 to 15mg/ml. All extracts had the phenolic compounds range from 2.46 to 46.89 mg/ml. The observed results indicate that these extract have a significant anti-oxidant activity and antifungal activity. The results could be correlated positively with total phenol content and also these extracts could be used as natural antioxidant and antifungal.

Dr. Halmy has completed his PhD in 2012 from University of Idaho, USA. She works as a lecturer at the Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt. Awarded a Fulbright Scholarship in 2007 and participated in number of multinational research project since 2005

An ethnobotanical survey was carried out in the northwestern coastal desert of Egypt to evaluate the relative pharmacological value and potential of the plants in the region. We assembled existing knowledge on the medicinal uses of the native plants through interviews and administered questionnaires to the local inhabitants, healers, and herbalists. A total number of 236 species of the wild species recorded in the study area were reported to be used for medicinal purposes. The investigation revealed that these species are used to treat many diseases by both local communities and those living in urban areas of Egypt. On the basis of their primary uses, many of these plants were reported to relieve skin disorders, treat urinary system disorders, gastric disorders, respiratory problems, arthritis and used for treatment of cancer and prostate disorders. The classification of the wild medicinal plants in the study area according to their active constituents they contain shows that flavonoids and alkaloids are the most common constituents, whereas cardiac glycosides are the least. The study revealed that these species and their ecosystems are under extreme and increasing pressure from direct human interventions manifested in habitat destruction, overexploitation by local communities, overgrazing and urban development. More than 20% of these species are facing high threats. The use of rational principles for land management underpins the conservation of desert ecosystems and the medicinal plants they harbor. Medicinal plants provide source of income for the local community; therefore adoption of sustainable plant collection to conserve the desert vegetation is recommended

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The effect of different dates of harvest and the change stage of biochemical nutrient of kiwifruit on the physicochemical quality, vitamin C and sugar content was studied in this work. The investigation was carried out in different harvest dates after the two month of fruit set. The investigation was carried out in Allison cultivars at Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture Regional Station Mukteshwar. The kiwi female flower anthesis start from 14 may 2014 and 100% flowering recorded in 23 may 2014 and took 10 days in flower biology. The number of flowers have been recorded (346 -2952) in female plants (cv. Allison). The fruit maturity 150 days recorded on the basis of flower anthesis to harvesting. The male plants planted in kiwi block are Tomari which have (90-1176) flowers/tree which increased the fruit set and productivity of kiwi fruit. The physical parameters fruit length (46.30 mm-61.06 mm), fruit breadth (31.26 mm- 64.70 mm), fruit weight (29.56 g-153.08 g), gradually increased with increases the fruit growth as well as first date of harvesting recorded from two months after flower emergence (14.05.2014). There have been an increased rate bio-constituents as reducing sugar (0.7% -1.76%), non reducing sugar (1.38% -5.15%) and total sugar (2.09%- 6.91%) to continuous of fruit growth recorded after two month 15.7.2014 (T1) and later till 15.11.2014 (T6) but the acidity decreased from 15.07.2014 (T1) to 09.10.2014 (T4) (2.53% to 1.43 %) till 86 days from first recorded of acidity 15.07.2014 (T1) and increase from 09.10.2014 (T4) to (T6) 15.11.2014 (1.43%-1.77 %). Ascorbic acid (912.5 mg/100g) was highest at 101 days after flower anthesis.

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The composition of terpenoids in essential oils determines the activity of the oil. The continuous usage of synthetic insecticides causes serious problems, including development of resistance by insect, pollution of environment and side effects on human. Therefore, plant essential oils have proved to be alternative to the synthetic insecticides because they can easily degrade in the environment and harmless to non targeted organism. Also appropriate formulations that will increase the length of the activity of the volatile oils are important and must be put into consideration. The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained by steam distillation from the aerial parts of Citrus aurantifolia was analysed by Gas Chromatography (GC). Toxicity and repellency of the oil on cowpea bruchid Callosobruchis maculates (F.) (Coleoptera Bruchidae) was carried out using standard methods. Formulations of the oil were carried out using kaolin and bentonite as carriers. Thirty seven components of the essential oil were identified with limonene (82.55%), β-myceme (6.56%), cymene (1.34%) and thymol (1.09%) as major components. Other volatile compounds that are not terpenoids were also found like furan, nonanal and some acetates. The toxicity and repellency of the oil were concentration dependent. Acute toxicity ranged between 13.33% - 91.66% at 5μml to 17.5 μml per 5 g seed, respectively and the percentage repellency ranged between 57.30% - 87.30% from 2.5 to 12.5 μl/30 cm2. The activity of the formulations reduced with time when using bentonite as carrier, but kaolin was found to have toxic effect on insects without oil. Limonene was found to be the main terpenoids. The essential oil repelled the insects and there was acute toxicity with LC50 10.68μL/5g seed. The formulations of bentonite were poor. Kaolin was found to be active even without oil but there was increase in mortality with the treated kaolin.

Dr. Patricia Castillo-España, PhD Graduated from the National University of Mexico, School of Biology as Doctor in Sciences in 1999. She is currently a professor and researcher at Center of Biotechnology, of Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, in Mexico. She has taken numerous updating courses on in the areas of ethnobotany and plant biotechnology. She regularly takes part in formation of human resources, directing numerous undergraduate and postgraduate theses and research projects. She is part of an interdisciplinary research group of various branches of pharmaceutical chemistry and medicinal plant biotechnology. She has authored and co-authored paper for several scientific publications and books.

The aim of the study was to conduct an ethnobotanical survey, focusing on people’s knowledge on plants used to treat pain and inflammation. Information on 100 medicinal plant species was obtained from the folk medicinal practitioners. Detailed information was collected as to plants, plant parts or combination of plants used, formulation of medicines, dosages as well as ailments for which the plants are used. Plant specimens were collected and brought to HUMO Herbarium (Herbarium of the University of Morelos) for complete identification. Most of species were native from Mexico, but a number important of them were introduced from different origins. The part of the plant most frequently used was the aerial part (35.4%) and the leaves (29.4%). The remedies were mainly prepared as a decoction and an infusion. A perusal of the scientific literature showed that uses of several plants by the rural populations are validated by scientific studies on the pharmacological activities of the relevant plant species. Overall, the plants present considerable potential for further scientific studies leading to discovery of novel drugs and conservation of the most important native species. We have developed efficient protocols for micropropagation and analysis of secondary metabolites of several of these plants used for the treatment pain and inflammation in Morelos.

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Ten compounds, including five sterols (1-5), three sesquiterpenes (6-8) and two fatty acid esters (9-10) have been isolated from the Red Sea soft coral Sinularia terspilli. The anti-leukemic, antileishmanial, antimicrobial, and antimalarial activities, of the isolated compounds and some acetylated derivatives (1Ac, 3Ac, 4Ac, 5Ac) were evaluated. Compounds 4, 5, and 5-Ac exhibited strong cytotoxic activity against human leukemia cell lines HL60 and K562 with IC50 values of 4.0, 2.0, and 25 nM respectively for HL60 and 5.0, 3.0, and 40 nM for K562

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The first phytochemical investigation of Dobera glabra (Forssk.) Poir. (Salvadoraceae) led to the isolation of seven flavonoids; two flavonols aglycone, two flavonols mono-glycoside and three flavonols di- glycosides. Their structure elucidation was performed by chromatographic, chemical and spectroscopic methods. Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities were also determined for five successive extracts of the plant.

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The antioxidant activities of the ethanolic extract of Carthamus tinctorius seed were evaluated with reference to antioxidant compounds like ascorbic acid and Gallic acid. All of the tested compounds and CSE exhibited reducing power. They were found potent free radical scavenging activity against hydroxyl radical scavenging and Folin ciocalteau reagent. The seeds of Carthamus tinctorius showed a very good antioxidative activity.

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Gmelina asiatica is a rich source of flavonoids which play important role in neuroprotection, consist of flavonoid quercetagetin and kaempferol which are reported to have anxiolytic property. Methanolic extract of 400mg/kg increase the number of entries in open arm and time spent in open arm in elevated plus maze and when compared with control, it clearly indicated that methanolic extract exert an anxiolytic activity in plus maze at a dose of 200mg/kg and 400 mg/kg. The methanol extract increased the number of entries and time spent in light compartment as compared to control which showed the anxiolytic property of plant. Phytochemical screening and TLC evidenced that flavonoid comprises major group of compounds present in active extract and anxiolytic activity of plant can be due to the presence of flavonoids.

Dr (Ms) Swaroopa Rani N. Gupta has done Ph.D. in Chemistry from Nagpur University, Maharashtra, India in 1993. She is an Associate Professor in the Department of Chemistry, Brijlal Biyani Science College, Amravati, Maharashtra, India. She has published more than 15 papers in reputed international journals; she has presented papers at Inter National conferences at India, Singapore, London, Dubai, Hong Kong, Mauritius, Tashkent and has been serving as Technical committee member of International Conferences at Singapore, U.K., Dubai, Hong Kong, Mauritius, Korea, Turkey, New Zealand etc. She wants to explore world through great research interest in all aspect of world problem.

The oxidation of the biologically very important dimethyl sulfoxide system has been the subject of investigations. In present study Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) can be oxidized to dimethyl sulfone by anodic electrolysis at a rotating platinum electrode. The polarographic method has been used to study qualitatively the effect of maxima suppressor gelatin, fuchsin, methyl red, thymol blue and supporting electrolyte HCl, CH3COOH on oxidation wave of DMSO. Polarographic oxidation of DMSO in 0.1 M HCl, 0.1 M CH3COOH solution using optimum concentration of fuchsin, methyl red, thymol blue as surface active substances is followed to determine the DMSO present in synthetic sample by calibration method. Wave analysis indicate the irreversible nature of the oxidation process which involves oxidation of dimethyl sulfoxide to dimethyl sulfone thereby increasing the oxidation state of sulphur from + 2 to + 4 state.

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Fungal metabolite moniliformin from Fusarium proliferatum, causal agent of bakanae in association with disease symptoms expression was investigated. Although Fusarium proliferatum was found to be produced a significant amount of moniliformin but a few reports have been published on its phytotoxic activity (Battilani et al., 2009; Desjardins et al., 2006; Vesonder et al., 2000). Therefore, it was essential to determine the role of moniliformin produced by F. proliferatum in the bakanae symptoms expression. Susceptible and resistant rice plants inoculated with F. proliferatum along with control plants at different disease score levels were used for this study. Moniliformin extraction and quantification methods followed after Munimbazi and Bullerman (2001). Sample of whole plant, or different parts including leaves, stems, roots or pure fungal mycelium were used for Moniliformin analysis. Moniliformin was detected from fungal mycelium (32.41 ng/g) and from infected susceptible variety MR 211 in whole plant sample analysis at disease score level 3 (83.67 ng/g) and at disease score level 5 (112.81 ng/g). Moniliformin was not detected either from whole plant samples or from individual part of infected resistant variety BR3. Therefore, it was assumed that MON might have some influence on disease development and symptoms expression in the susceptible variety.

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Cissus quadrangularis L. is a succulent plant of family Vitaceae commonly found in tropical and subtropical xeric wood. It is a fleshy, cactus-like liana widely used as a common food item in India. The plant is prescribed in the ancient Ayurvedic literature as a general tonic, analgesic, with specific bone fracture healing properties. It is commonly known as “bone setter”. COX-2 is an oxidoreductase enzyme having a role in inflammatory responses. The objective of this study was to show the drug-likeness and the binding of Cissus quadrangularis derived biologically active new found compounds against the inflammation associated target COX-2 enzyme. The 3D crystal structure of COX-2 enzyme protein structure was taken from PDB database (PDB ID: 6cox). According to the Lipinski’s rule about five compounds such as methyl gallate, myricetin, daidzein, geniotein and daucosterol were selected from Cissus quadrangularis for docking experiments. Docking studies had been carried out through automated docking software MVD 2010, version 4.2.0. The compound shows interactive binding to the active site region of COX-2 and have better or equivalent binding features compared to already known inhibitory compounds namely celecoxib, acetylsalicylic acid. These new compounds show potential medicinal values with anti-inflammatory properties which form insights to develop new leads for COX-2 inhibition.

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Conventional cancer therapies cause serious side effects and at best, merely extend the patient’s lifespan by a few years. Cancer control may therefore benefit from the potential that resides in alternative therapies. The demand to utilize alternative concepts or approaches to the treatment of cancer is therefore escalating. However, the potential treatment of cancer is still under investigation. In fact the plants occupy a good place in the treatment. With the advanced knowledge of molecular science and the refinement in isolation and structural elucidation techniques, we are now in much better position to identify various anticancer plants. The medicinal plants and their products, particularly vegetables have antioxidant activity leading to anti cancer effect. Many doctors recommend that people wish to reduce the risk of cancer must eat vegetables everyday in their diet. The vegetables contain many phytochemicals having antioxidant activity. The antioxidant protects the cells from damaged caused by free oxygen radicals. Here the present article gives a better therapeutic approach to cancer by the maximum use vegetables against different cancers.

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Emilia coccinea (Sims) G.Don (Asteraceae) known as Tassel flower is an erect bushy herb used traditionally, for the treatment of various disease state including diarrhoea, gonorrhoea, wounds and treatment of abscess in the breast. The aim of the work was to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic leaf extract of E. coccinea. The extract was screened using the carrageenan-induced paw oedema model in rats, xylene-induced oedema model in mice at 50, 100, 150, 200mg/kg doses p.o. respectively. The mechanism by which the extract mediated the anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using the histamine and serotonin induced rat paw oedema at the 150mg/kg. Acute toxicity was also carried out. The results showed that the extract produced a significant (p<0.001) dose-dependent inhibition with the maximum inhibition (81.25%) observed at 60 minutes at 150 mg/kg in the carrageenan-induced and (76.72%) at 200mg/kg in xylene-induced models. The extract exerted a significant (p<0.01) inhibition of (56.52%) at 90minutes and 48.84% at 150min in the histamine-induced and serotonin-induced rat paw oedema models respectively. No toxic effect at 5.0g/kg of the extract in mice. These findings suggest that the ethanolic leaf extract of Clerodendrum capitatum possesses anti-inflammatory activity possibly mediated by histamine. The results justify the use of the plant in the preparation of ethno medicines used in the treatment of inflammation.

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Hygrophila spinosa T. Anders (Acanthaceae) is described in Ayurvedic literature as Ikshura, Ikshugandha and Kokilasha “having eyes like Kokila or Indian cuckoo”, common in moist places on the banks of tanks, ditches, paddy fields etc., widely distributed throughout India from Himalayas to Ceylon, Srilanka, Burma, Malaysia and Nepal. Seeds, whole plant, leaves, roots and ash of the plant are predominantly used for the treatment of various ailments. The compounds identified in H. spinosa are mainly phytosterols, fatty acids, minerals, polyphenols, proanthocyanins, mucilage, alkaloids, enzymes, amino acids, carbohydrates, hydrocarbons, flavonoids, terpenoids, vitamins and glycosides. In the present study we have determined the in vitro antioxidant capacity and quantitation of total phenolic and flavonoid of H. spinosa crude ethanolic extract and different fractions. The dried and pulverized plant material was extracted with ethanol using soxhlet apparatus. Concentrated ethanolic extract was suspended in water and successively fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. Finally, the remained aqueous fractioned was also prepared and preserved. Antioxidant potential of crude extract and all the above fractions was evaluated by DPPH assay, total phenolic content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu assay, total flavonoid was determined by spectrophotometer. Phytoconstituents having antioxidant activity were also identified by TLC bioautography (thin-layer chromatography, combined with both biological and chemical detection methods). All the test substances were found to have promising antioxidant capacity which may be due to the presence of phenolic compounds. Further, all the tested extracts/fractions have antioxidant compounds.

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The leaves of Combretum molle was selected on the basis of its uses in folk medicine as insecticides. The leave extracts of Combretum molle was tested against the larvae of Artemia salina, i.e. Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say (filaria disease vector) i.e. Larvicidal Test, using crude ethanol, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts. The methanolic extract proved to be the most effective in inducing complete lethality at minimum doses both in the BST and the Larvicidal activity test. The LC50¬ values obtained are 24.85 µg/ml and 0.4µg/ml respectively .The Bioactivity-Guided column chromatography afforded the pure compound ACM–3. ACM-3 was not active in the BST with LC50 value >1000µg/ml, but was active in the Larvicidal activity test with LC50 value 4.0µg/ml. ACM-3 was proposed to have the structure I, (Cholesta-β-D-Glucopyranoside).

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Introduction: Artemisinin is the most important anti malaria medicine and its chemical synthesis is complex and costly. Due to the presence of gene manufacturer Artemisinin in plant Artemisia aucher Boiss. and disable thisgene and the abundance this plant in Iran, this experiment was designed with aim probability of producing artemisinin in cultured tissue in the presence of light stimuli. Experiment Method: For culture, was used of solid culture, Murashing and Skoog without growth regulators. Culture medium was placed in the culture room under sterile conditions, the temperature of 2 ± 25 and different light conditions with different treatments. Lighting conditions was used of optical radiation 1000.2000 and 3000 lux. In addition, it was assumed, radiation treatments UV and treatment of Darkness. For analyzing data and drawing diagrams of software SPSS version 20 and Excel programs were used. During the experiment, the resulting data, the average of three replicates ± SD and results based on one-way ANOVA test, Tukey test and a significant difference on the 0.05 P ≤, were investigated. For detection of artemisinin, the dichloromethanolic extract was analyzed by TLC. Measure phenolic compounds and flavonoids were done into spectrophotometric method. Results: Seedlings in treatments under light 1000 and 3000 lux were produced artemisinin. Meanwhile, radiation-UV both the callus and the seedlings have affected and produced Artemisinin. Effects of light stimuli on the chemical plant and its morphological characteristics, too, were confirmed. Conclusion: this study showed that increased exposure as well as the use of radiation UV, forcing Artemisia aucheri plant to produce artemisinin. In addition to the chemical plant and the shape of the light stimulus takes effect.

Despite many achievements in human health care in the twentieth century, many of the world’s population in developing countries lack regular access to affordable essential drugs. For these people, modern medicine is never likely to be a realistic treatment option because, the cost of modern medicine is increasing by modern health technology and in many cases is inappropriate to the immediate needs of people in developing countries. In contrast, traditional medicine is widely available and affordable in developing countries as well as in developed countries.On the basis of traditional knowledge of herbal healers existing in the Bastar region of India and literature survey, Plumbago zeylanica root and their traditional formulation was selected for evaluation of their antifertility activity. Plant collection, identification, successive solvent extraction, phytochemical examination, acute toxicity study, antifertility activity, isolation and characterization of biocompounds were carried out. Results of phytochemical analysis showed the presence of glycosides, steroids and sugars in alcoholic extract. LD50 cut-off was found to be 5000 mg/kg body weight. The results of reproductive outcome study indicated that formulation exhibited 70% antifertility activity, may be due to antiestrogenicity nature. Two bioactive compounds namely; 2-{17-(5-(4-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-phenyl)-tetrahydro-furan-2yl)-14-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-hexadecahydro-cyclo-penta(a)phenanthren-3-floxy}-4,6-bis-hydroxymethyl-5-(6-hydroxymethyl-5-(6-hydroxymethyl-4-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-ol and 3-{2-Hydroxy-4,6-bis-hydroxymethyl-5-(6-hydroxymethyl-methyl-4-(5-carboxy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-5-hydroxymethyl-17-(5-propyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-hexadecahydro-cyclopenta(a)phenanthrene-14,16-diol isolated from alcoholic extract which contain steroidal ring may be responsible for antifertility activity of formulation.

Despite many achievements in human health care in the twentieth century, many of the world’s population in developing countries lack regular access to affordable essential drugs. For these people, modern medicine is never likely to be a realistic treatment option because, the cost of modern medicine is increasing by modern health technology and in many cases is inappropriate to the immediate needs of people in developing countries. In contrast, traditional medicine is widely available and affordable in developing countries as well as in developed countries.On the basis of traditional knowledge of herbal healers existing in the Bastar region of India and literature survey, Plumbago zeylanica root and their traditional formulation was selected for evaluation of their antifertility activity. Plant collection, identification, successive solvent extraction, phytochemical examination, acute toxicity study, antifertility activity, isolation and characterization of biocompounds were carried out. Results of phytochemical analysis showed the presence of glycosides, steroids and sugars in alcoholic extract. LD50 cut-off was found to be 5000 mg/kg body weight. The results of reproductive outcome study indicated that formulation exhibited 70% antifertility activity, may be due to antiestrogenicity nature. Two bioactive compounds namely; 2-{17-(5-(4-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-phenyl)-tetrahydro-furan-2yl)-14-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-hexadecahydro-cyclo-penta(a)phenanthren-3-floxy}-4,6-bis-hydroxymethyl-5-(6-hydroxymethyl-5-(6-hydroxymethyl-4-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-ol and 3-{2-Hydroxy-4,6-bis-hydroxymethyl-5-(6-hydroxymethyl-methyl-4-(5-carboxy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-5-hydroxymethyl-17-(5-propyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-hexadecahydro-cyclopenta(a)phenanthrene-14,16-diol isolated from alcoholic extract which contain steroidal ring may be responsible for antifertility activity of formulation.

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Introduction Despite over a century of effort and early optimism, a malaria-free world remain as much distant vision as ever1. Many malaria control strategies exist, but none are appropriate and affordable in all contexts2. Some of the factors that contributed to this worst picture of malaria are high cost control programs, emergence of new insecticide resistant strains of the vector, creation of new mosquito breeding sites, the problem of drug resistance (P. falciparum) to almost all currently available antimalarial drugs, lack of organized health infrastructures and the migration behavior of people that increase the incidence and spread of malaria3. Aloe sinana is one of endemic Aloe species of Ethiopia where its leaf latex is traditionally used in Debre Sina and in other central highlands of the country for the treatment of various illnesses, including malaria, wounds and snake bite. In continuation of our on-going research on antimalarial compounds from plants, the leaf latex of A. sinana was investigated for its antimalarial activity. Materials and Methods: Extraction: Leaves were harvested and the latex was collected by cutting the leaf transversally near the base and inclining on stainless tray. The water was allowed to evaporate in open air for two days, which yielded a reddish dark substance. Isolation of compounds: Isolation of compounds was performed by dissolving the latex in methanol and applied directly to PTLC (chloroform and methanol mixture; 4:1). The isolated compounds were further purified by repeated PTLC. Structural elucidation: All isolated compounds were characterized as anthrones by using various spectroscopic techniques (1H, 13C NMR, DEPT-135 and ESIMS) Acute oral toxicity test: Oral toxicity study was conducted as per the internationally accepted protocol drawn under OECD guidelines 4234. In vivo antimalarial assay: Antimalarial activity of the test samples was evaluated by a 4-day suppressive test against mice infected with Plasmodium berghi as described by Knight and Peters5. Results The latex and all the isolated compounds showed significant chemosuppression in mice infected with P. berghi. At a dose of 400 mg/kg, the latex suppressed parasite growth by 68.2% compared to the negative control group and improved survival time considerably. Among the isolated compounds, aloinoside showed the most potent antiplasmodial activity inhibiting parasite growth by 85.2% at a dose of 100 mg/kg, with no signs of acute toxicity up to a dose of 5000 mg/kg. Conclusion The leaf latex of A. sinana and isolated compounds, particularly aloinoside showed promising in vivo antimalarial activity. In light of the relative safety of the latex and isolated compounds, it can be concluded that the test substances could serve as potential candidates for the treatment of malaria. These results further illustrate that the reputed application of A. sinana leaves in the treatment of malaria in traditional medical practices is well founded. 1. Elufioye TO, Agbedahunsi JM. (2004). Antimalarial activities of Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae) and Crossopteryx febifuga (Rubiaceae) on mice in vivo. J Ethnopharmacol 93: 167-171. 2. Bloland P (2001). Drug Resistance in Malaria. Geneva: World Health Organization. 3. Talisuna AO, Bloland P, Alessandro UD (2004). History, dynamics and public health importance of malaria parasite resistant. Clin Microbiol Rev 17: 235-254. 4. OECD guideline for testing of chemicals. 2001. Acute Oral Toxicity – Acute Toxic Class Method. 5. Knight DJ, Peters W. 1980. The antimalarial action of N-benzyloxydihydrotriazines. I. The activity of clociguanil (BRL 50216) against rodent malaria, and studies on its mode of action. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 74: 393–404.

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Determinar los componentes fitoquímicos, la toxicidad aguda, la actividad analgésica, antiinflamatoria y procinético intestinal, de las hojas de Maytenus macrocarpa. Métodos: In vitro, se realizó la marcha fitoquímica. Se emplearon roedores machos. La toxicidad aguda se determinó mediante la prueba de Irwin. La antinocicepción exploro por los métodos de: contorsiones abdominales, sacudida de la cola y el ensayo de formalina. La actividad antiinflamatoria con los ensayos de formalina y carragenína. La actividad gastrointestinal por el método de recorrido del carbón activado. Result: Se reportan fitoquímicos alcaloides, flavonoides, cumarinas, esteroides, fenoles, quinonas, saponinas y catequinas. Se observó sedación y estereotipias a 4000 mg/kg y muertes a 12000 y 14000 mg/kg, sin develarse la dosis letal 50. Entre 500 a 2250 mg/kg, presento antinocicepción al inhibir las contorsiones abdominales, superando a Diclofenaco (ANOVA de una cola y Prueba Múltiple de Bonferroni, p<0.05); asimismo, efecto relacionado a la dosis (r=-0.5746 y r²=0.3302). En la sacudida de la cola, presento antinocicepción a 1000 y 1500 mg/kg, sin superar a Tramadol (p>0.05). La fase 1 y 2 del ensayo de formalina, demostró antinocicepción y antiinflamación, a 750 y 1000 mg/kg, superando a Diclofenaco (p<0.05). La prueba con carragenína demostró antiinflamación a 1000 y 1500 mg/kg, sin superar a Ibuprofeno (p<0.05). Entre 500 y 3500 mg/kg hubo incremento de la motilidad intestinal, superando a Atropina; asimismo, efecto relacionado a la dosis (r=-0.2609 y r²= 0.06808). Conclusiones: Se revelan fitoquímicos, efectos tóxicos y propiedades antinociceptiva, antiinflamatoria y procinético intestinal de las hojas de Maytenus macrocarpa.

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Green plants synthesize and store a variety of biochemical compounds some of which extractable as raw material and can be used for various scientific investigations. The aim of this study is to extract and identify biologically active volatile chemical compounds from Tagetes minuta. This aromatic plant was considered for extraction of essential oils using hydrodistillation method as prescribed by British pharmacopeia. Cis-β-ocimene (38.08%), caryophyllene oxide (18.04%), cis-ocimene (38.14%) and trans-β-ocimene (37.03%) are the major components of essential oil identified from fresh stem, dry stem, fresh flower and dry flower respectively. The above compounds were identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). This is an on-going investigation and therefore biological studies of essential oils extracted from Tagetes minuta are still to be considered for its application.

Dr (Ms) Swaroopa Rani N. Gupta has done Ph.D. in Chemistry from Nagpur University, Maharashtra, India in 1993. She is an Associate Professor in the Department of Chemistry, Brijlal Biyani Science College, Amravati, Maharashtra, India. She has published more than 15 papers in reputed international journals; she has presented papers at Inter National conferences at India, Singapore, London, Dubai, Hong Kong, Mauritius, Tashkent and has been serving as Technical committee member of International Conferences at Singapore, U.K., Dubai, Hong Kong, Mauritius, Korea, Turkey, New Zealand etc. She wants to explore world through great research interest in all aspect of world problem.

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Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is a significant source of bioactive compounds. However, its toxicity has not been intensively studied. We, therefore, investigated the safety and tolerability of pomegranate peel extract(PPE) in BALB/c mice. Methods: A total of 25 female BALB/c were randomly grouped with each experimental group consisted of five animals involving. Repeated doses including 0.5, 1.9 and 7.5 mg/kg body weight of PPEwere gavages to BALB/c mice, for 22 days and the single intra-dermal injection (224 mg/kg) was done in one dose. Control group administrated with distilled water was also included. In addition, intra dermal injection for skin allergy testing was also performed. . Blood was collected for evaluation of glucose, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) as indicators of liver toxicity. Macroscopic and histopathological evaluation of tongue, trachea and larynx tissues were also performed at 22 days post administration. Results: Toxicological potential of PPE studies revealed no toxic effects, no clinical signs, no histopathologic effect in epithelial cells layers of tongue, larynx and trachea, no behavioral alterations and no adverse effects or mortality in BALB/c mice. Repeated administrations did not alter or cause local irritation of the oral mucosa. Skin allergy test was negative in the last group. Conclusion: This study is showed that the PPE has no toxicity and its use is suggested with potential applications against diseases.

Swati Rathore has completed her B.Pharm at the age of 21 years from Dr. H. S. Gour Sagar University and is pursuing M.Pharm (Final year) from Dr. H. S. Gour University, Sagar

Cancer is one of the most challenging diseases to treat and the second leading cause of death in the society. The skin provides a physical barrier to the harmful effects of the external environment in the body. In recent years there has been an exciting increase in the prevalence of skin cancer worldwide. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is one of the common most malignancies that occur on sun-exposed skin, mainly by UV-B radiation, of lighter-skinned individuals. Very few drug delivery systems are potent enough to fight against cancer yet be gentle enough on the body. Nano-delivery system has emerged as versatile building blocks in developing materials for biomedicine. The Nanogelhas been successfully utilized to create a new drug delivery system for the treatment of cancer. Study and application of nanogel is advancing rapidly within the pharmaceutical field. Nanogels offer many advantages as drug carrier systems since they can improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs, modify pharmacokinetics, increase drug half-life by reducing immunogenicity, improve bioavailability, and diminish drug metabolism. They can also enable a tunable release of therapeutic compounds and the simultaneous delivery of two or more drugs for combination therapy. The main motive of the present study was to develop advanced drug delivery formulations used in BCC therapy that overcomes chemotherapy-induced side-effects of skin photosensitivity by a novel approach of nano-structured lipid carriers employed as drug delivery systems is loaded with drug.

Alok Kumar Pandey has completed his B. Pharm at the age of 24 years from M.J.P. Rohilkhand University and is pursuing M.Pharm (Final year) from Dr. H. S. Gour University, Sagar

Head and neck Squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is reported to be the 8th leading cause of cancer death worldwide but a safe, convenient and effective treatment is still challenging for researchers.So far, treatment for HNSCC is limited to varioussurgical strategies.These therapies possess the disadvantage of being painful, harmful and costly, thus havelittle patient compliance, obligating the need of a more safer, effective and compliant therapy. Nanogels can be used effectively to entrap various anti-HNSCC approved anti cancer drugs for their topical delivery to cancerous squamous cells of skin of Head, neck and various other regions.Nanogel being biocompatible, biodegradable and having high drug loading capability can prove to be a good carrier for various anticancer agents with easier administration and lesser side effects.Major problems which may arise against efficient drug delivery can be the level of drug penetration through skin and the specific release of the drug in the carcinoma cells.Skin penetration is itself enhanced by nanocarriers. Further penetration enhancers and other physical methods may be utilized. Specificity of the drug delivery to target cells can be achieved by using pH based nanogel formulations. Thus, nanogels can prove to be very efficient formulation for tropical treatment of HNSCC and also other skin cancers.

I have completed my B.Pharm & M.Pharm degree from SIPS College Sagar (MP) and perusing PhD in Nanogel Drug Delivery system under the supervision of Dr Sushil K Kashaw from Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr HariSingh Gour University Sagar (MP)

Nanotechnology based Green Tea nanogel loom growing as a budding field of cancer management catalyzing the novel scientific developments and enable clinical translation beyond what we currently utilize. Green Tea biodegradable nanogels have expanded substantial awareness in recent years as one of the most promising nanosized drug delivery systems. Polymeric nanogel network have good drug loading capacity, biodegradability, biocompatibility and optimum swelling ability which makes zenith idealist drug delivery system especially in skin cancer. This study reflects the recent development of Green tea based biodegradable nanogel drug delivery system in management of skin cancer treatment as a promising carrier system. Nanogel matrix system loaded with green tea extracts like polyphenols, flavonoides as active bioactive molecules opens novel era of skin cancer treatment on onsite drug delivery at cancer cell with elimination of adverse effects. Biomedical applications like pH responsive system, control release, sustain release, ligand anchored, thermo responsive nanogel system expand this nano drug delivery to the zenith sky in the field of cancer management. Thus green tea extract (catechins) loaded nanogel provoked the new era in treatment of skin cancer.

Priya Singh has completed her B.Pharm at the age of 21 years from BanasthaliVidyapeeth University and is pursuing M.Pharm (Final year) from Dr. H. S. Gour University, Sagar

Phosphodiesterse (PDE) enzymes are responsible for the hydrolysis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (c-AMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (c-GMP). They are classified into 11 major families and the type 4 phosphodiesterase (PDE4) is a c-AMP specific phophodiesterase localized in airway smooth muscle cells as well as in immune and inflammatory cells. Inhibition of PDE4 results in the elevation of c-AMP in these cells, which in turn downregulates the inflammatory response. COPD is a generic term that embraces several debilitating inflammatory pathologies that often co-exist and is characterized by a slowly progressive and largely irreversible decrement in lung function. There are no drugs that can resolve the underlying inflammation in COPD; even the efficacyof glucocorticoids is controversial. Recently, there has been much interest in PDE4 inhibitors for COPD, which are predicted to alleviate the neutrophilic inflammation associated with this generic disorder. Unfortunately, the effects of prototype PDE4 inhibitors have been compromised by side effects such as nausea, emesis and gastrointestinal disorders. Several companies have focused on the design of a new generation of PDE4 inhibitors dissociating beneficial activity and adverse effects